Human Resource Management in Innovation Term Paper

Human Resource Management in Innovation - Term Paper Example Few recommendations in favor of Advantage Recruitment Limited are provided below. Firstly, it is recommended to create a work environment and culture that encourages employees to think of having a long term career with the organization. Employees primarily quit organizations because of better job prospects in other organizations. Creating career development program could be one way of handling the crisis (Patton & McMahon, 2001, p.3). Redesigning compensation packages could be one way of retaining valuable talents. This is because employees leaving the organization have complained of low wages being a factor responsible for moving into other organizations. Working out a new pay structure is called for at this point of time (Armstrong & Brown, 2001, p.194). The formalizing of performance management and review systems is important at this stage to identify and recognize the performance of employees. Lack of performance review procedures could lead to loss of talented employees as they would be de-motivated to deliver good performance because of lack of recognition or insufficient appreciation of their works. Changing the quality of work life is important; which includes occupational health care, appropriate salaries and suitable work timing for employees. The overall idea is to improve the working conditions of employees and increasing organizational effectiveness. Lastly a transparent work culture would serve as an important factor for facilitating trust, communication, accountability and responsibility. Increased communication facilitates exchange of information, views and ideas, removes work politics and reduces chances of frustrations and stress in employees which often leads to high rates of attritions in organizations (Lotze, 2004, p.167). Implementation Creating a strong career development process necessarily requires building of strong leadership programs. Leaders would be responsible for coordinating and integrating the entire process of career developme nt of employees. A career development steering committee comprising of some of the key leaders in Advantage Recruitment would act as a guide throughout the career development process. This will be followed by creating an employee development proce

Week 5 Participation 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 5 Participation 2 - Assignment Example Conversely, the courses covered in this program have also changed my perception of employment. Focusing on professional and personal development rather that climbing up the ladder in your career could help you lead a more satisfied life and achieve your goals (Ballew and Hvezda, 2005). Ashley, I concur with the fact this course has facilitated your comprehension of the need to further your education. Since I have similarly undergone through the same program, I have also recognized that this program alone cannot satisfy my needs in terms of achieving my professional goals. I am also in agreement that holding an important decision making role is more important that merely climbing up the ladder in your organization. As explicated by Ballew and Hvezda (2005), holding a decision making role could help you understand how corporations or organizations are run thus furthering your skills, knowledge, and

Policy Issues in US Healthcare

Policy Issues in US Healthcare Jessie E Salters   POLICY/ADVOCACY PROJECT The Georgia Public Policy Foundation is a 501(c) (3) non-profit, nonpartisan research institute. The Foundations mission is to improve the lives of Georgians through public policies that enhance economic opportunity and freedom. The Foundation is state orientated, independent, and without particular interest towards any political group. Georgias Public Policy Foundation conducts scholarly research and analysis of state public policy issues and work to educate citizens, policy makers and the media. Several events throughout the state are hosted each year to discuss issues relating to public policy issues that affect Georgians. The present policy issue of significance that this agency is actively seeking to address is health care spending. According to the Georgia Public Policy Foundation, (georgiapolicy.org/2016/08/guide-issues-health-care) the government office of accountability non health care spending accounts for the consistent overall percentage of our Gross Domestic Product (GDP) over time, however health spending increases at an overwhelming rate. Funds that are spent on Social Security, defense, domestic programs, etc., excluding interest expense left unattended causes unsustainable federal deficit spending. This type of spending overshadows other budget interests pertaining to education and transportation thus causing health care spending to strain Georgias families budgets. Health care is very complex and has many challenges to try and address as a whole. The Georgia Public Policy Foundations plan to address the issue is by focusing their attention on what they consider to be policy issues that are misrepresentative of our health care system. The Foundation is addressing the federal tax policy, the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) and coverage for pre-existing conditions.   The Foundation proposed to tighten gaps within the federal tax policy by redefining refundable tax credits to allow unused credits to reimburse safety net providers. This is assumed to be the most impartial way to improve access to health care and provide individuals with alternative ways to purchase health care insurance. The uncompensated care issues caused by the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act would be alleviated by use of the tax credits. The tax credits would assist in the transparency between employers provided insurance vs. commercially purchased insurance. To prevent take-over by employer insurance the tax credits would only be offered to employees that dont have employer insurance. Pre-existing conditions would be address by replacing costly regulations with high-risk pools. This is beneficial to individuals who are considered to be medically uninsurable based on certain health conditions or reasons.   The Georgia Public Policy Foundations expected response as a result of their advocacy efforts would be a sound health policy with the characteristics being Patient Centered, Security for the Sickest, Equitable Tax Treatment, Personal Responsibility, Access for All, and Transparency. In reverence to the above current policy issue the article by Alan R. Weil, Coverage Expansion, Accountable Care, and More. Health Affairs 36, no.1 (2017):7 doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2016.1607 expressed concerns that are associated with the above policy issues. This article identified health care as a primary talking point during the election year. The Affordable Care Act was considered to make Health Care accessible and affordable for all. However, health care coverage expansion, accountable care, and disparities are issues associated with the Georgia Public Policy Foundation. Health care premiums continued to sky rocket in 2016. The health care market is difficult to measure since insurance premiums continued to change from year to year and underwriting has a significant effect on prices. Premium increases are based on the prices of product offered and not products people actually buy. Health Affairs, (2016.1607) reported disparities in California that showed individuals switched their insurance plans to the plan of lowest cost. This in turn caused a rise in the amount of money paid by enrollees, more than individuals that were only searching for insurance. Reports indicated a third of individuals did not received insurance discounts due to the lack of knowledge or because of obtaining the insurance out of the Affordable Care Act Marketplace. Medicare Shared Savings Programs used data that was from two years of services provided by accountable care organizations (ACOs) that indicated racial and ethnic disparities.   New payment procedures are needed to ensure a positive quality of healthcare is provided and accessible. Cost and health care quality in the Alternative Quality Contract (AQC) was compared among enrollees in regions of Massachusetts with lower and higher socioeconomic status which found disparities in process measures but not in outcome measures. Medicare subsidies are not equal to the quality and improvements as in the Alternative Quality Contract. The information contain in this article illustrate and support the need for advocacy in implementing consumer driven health care reforms. This article describes how difficult it is to achieve health care at the local, state and federal levels due to systematic and controversial differences that are prevalent and are affecting our health care system. The need for continued advocacy at all levels is vital to succeeding at revitalizing our health care system. REFERENCES Alan R. Weil, Coverage Expansion, Accountable Care, And More: Health Affairs 36, no. 1 (2017): 7 doi: 10. 1377/hlthaff.2016.1607 Guide to the Issues: Health Care: Retrieved From; http://www.georgiapolicy.org/2016/08/guide-issues-health-care/

Lab Report: Bramble Leaf Morphology Essay -- essays research papers

B. IMPLEMENTING SUN SITE SHADE SITE Thickness of bramble leaf/ mm 0.31 0.30 0.25 0.26 0.31 0.29 0.27 0.26 0.33 0.32 0.29 0.25 0.35 0.34 0.27 0.27 0.29 0.25 0.29 0.32 0.25 0.33 0.36 0.31 0.37 0.34 0.27 0.36 0.28 0.29 0.22 0.17 0.24 0.19 0.19 0.21 0.22 0.18 0.16 0.22 0.16 0.19 0.22 0.19 0.17 0.19 0.17 0.19 0.20 0.16 0.22 0.21 0.18 0.19 0.15 0.20 0.16 0.21 0.19 0.18 Mean bramble leaf thickness / mm 0.30 0.19 Light Intensity / mV At 10:30 7.81 At 13:00 8.34 At 15:30 7.65 At 10:30 3.89 At 13:00 4.02 At 15:30 3.76 Mean light intensity/mV 7.93 3.89 Aspect of Site South East South East Results In order to investigate the effect of light intensity on bramble leaf morphology, it was decided that thickness would be the particular morphological feature that was going to be investigated. It was felt that the best possible use was made of the equipment and sites available in order to attain reliable data under the time constraints involved. The sample size for this investigation was set at 30 – this allowed a reasonably large sample and thus reasonably confident conclusions and tests are possible for the Analysis and Evaluation sections. However, a sample size of 30 is still small enough in order to feasibly collect data within the allocated time period. The two sites chosen were suitable in order for valid data to be collected and compared. The two sites were comprehensively distinct sun and shade sites. As can be seen on the photograph, the sun site had virtually no major branches or trees in its vicinity and thus a lot of light was able to shine on the leaves. In contrast, the shade site was surrounded and shadowed ... ...ns, it has to be stated that the validity of the results have been undermined and the conclusion is certainly stated with less confidence. The accumulation of so many sources of error seems to suggest that the conclusion may even be an altogether incorrect one due to unreliable collection of data. However, the sources of error do not change the conclusion itself. Pieces of evidence such as the significant differences in means, use of standard deviation and the comprehensiveness of the t-test suggest that the conclusion is still a valid one. Although the data is not completely normally distributed, the 99.999% confidence at which the t-test accepts the hypothesis is considerable. Certainly, these limitations suggest that that percentage is unlikely to be that high, but given the nature of the investigation and results ascertained, the conclusion is still a valid one.

Salmonella

Bacteria are often the cause of various diseases that humans suffer from. They become one of the major factors of human mortality if not properly addressed. This is the reason why it is essential that people are properly informed about the effects of these bacteria and how they can be prevented and treated. It is highly important to disseminate information to the public about the bacteria that could be acquired easily by human beings in their everyday life, especially when it comes to their food intake. A good example of food borne bacteria is Salmonella. Salmonella is a â€Å"genus of bacteria that are a major cause of food borne illness throughout the world† (World Health Organization [WHO], 2008, n. p. ). The bacteria are rod-shaped, motile bacterium. However, there are nonmotile like gallinarum and pullorum. Salmonella is observable in animals, commonly in poultry and swine, as well as in environmental source of the organism such as water, soil, and insects. Facilities like factory surfaces and kitchen surfaces are also areas where bacteria grow (Walderhaug, 1992). Mode of Transmission Contaminated food is the main mode of transmission of the bacteria. Salmonella is commonly acquired by human beings by consuming food that comes from animals like meat, poultry, eggs, milk, and others (WHO, 2008). The bacteria can infect various domestic animals, birds, as well as other wildlife. The food derived from these living things and even the consumption of these animals itself is the major cause of infection. People become even more susceptible to salmonella if the food they eat is not prepared properly. Furthermore, the bacteria could also be transmitted through water or by means of direct contact with infected animal or person. However, such kinds of transmission are less likely to occur (Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals, n. d. ). Possible Reservoirs for Salmonella Outbreak The primary reservoirs for nontyphodial Salmonella organisms are poultry, livestock, reptiles, and pets (Chatterjee, Varman, & Crevi 2006). This is due to the fact that salmonellosis is considered to be a zoonosis that has many animal reservoirs. As previously mentioned, the bacteria are commonly found in chickens, turkeys, pigs, as well as cows. Numerous domestic and even wild animals also serve as host for these organisms. This is proven by a recent examination of various animals in the United States. Salmonellae are found to be present in 41% of turkeys in California, 50% of cultured chickens in Massachusetts, and in 21% of commercially frozen egg whites in Washington (Gianella, 1996). Possible Ways of Food Contamination The main reason for food contamination is the improper handling, preparation, and cooking of meals, especially of poultry products. Food coming from animals such as eggs and chicken that are infected with salmonella could transmit these bacteria if they are not properly cooked. Food contamination could also take place during preparation. For instance, if the raw chicken used as an ingredient to make potato salad contains salmonella, the whole meal could be contaminated. Moreover, the outbreak of the bacteria is caused by the increase in the number of agents. This could occur through Salmonella typhi, which is responsible for causing enteric fever or typhoid fever. Salmonella typhi is only found in humans that could easily spread through foreign travel. People who travelled abroad acquired these bacteria through contaminated food and water. They also become probable chronic carrier of these bacteria. In fact, in the U. S. , more than two-thirds of salmonella infection in 50,000 cases of Salmonella gastroenteritis and 400 cases of typhoid fever is due to foreign travel (Chatterjee, Varman, & Crevi 2006). Prevention Since the main mode of transmission of Salmonella is through contaminated food, the best possible way to prevent the outbreak of these bacteria is by means of food safety. Food safety pertains to conditions and practices which make sure that the quality of food is preserved in order to prevent contamination as well as food borne illnesses. Some of the ways that would prevent food contamination are: washing of thoroughly of hands, making sure that all utensils used for food preparation are clean, properly storing food items to avoid cross-contamination, and cooking meals at the correct temperature to kill existing bacteria that are present (A. D. A. M. , Inc. , 2008). Furthermore, the environmental surroundings should also be kept clean especially because salmonella could also be found in water and soil. People should also be more careful of the water that they drink.

ABC Analysis for Inventory Management Essay

In supply chain, ABC analysis is an inventory categorization method which consists in dividing items into three categories, A, B and C: A being the most valuable items, C being the least valuable ones. This method aims to draw managers’ attention on the critical few (Aitems) and not on the trivial many (C-items). Prioritization of the management attention Inventory optimization is critical in order to keep costs under control within the supply chain. Yet, in order to get the most from management efforts, it is efficient to focus on items that cost most to the business. The Pareto principle states that 80% of the overall consumption value is based on only 20% of total items. In other words, demand is not evenly distributed between items: top sellers vastly outperform the rest. The ABC approach states that, when reviewing inventory, a company should rate items from A to C, basing its ratings on the following rules: A-items are goods which annual consumption value is the highest. The top 70-80% of the annual consumption value of the company typically accounts for only 10-20% of total inventory items. C-items are, on the contrary, items with the lowest consumption value. The lower 5% of the annual consumption value typically accounts for 50% of total inventory items. B-items are the interclass items, with a medium consumption value. Those 15-25% of annual consumption value typically accounts for 30% of total inventory items. The annual consumption value is calculated with the formula: (Annual demand) x (item cost per unit). Through this categorization, the supply manager can identify inventory hot spots, and separate them from the rest of the items, especially those that are numerous but not that profitable. The following steps will explain to you the classification of items into A, B and C categories. 1. Find out the unit cost and and the usage of each material over a given period. 2. Multiply the unit cost by the estimated annual usage to obtain the net value. 3. List out all the items and arrange them in the descending value. (Annual Value) 4. Accumulate value and add up number of items and calculate percentage on total inventory in value and in number. 5. Draw a curve of percentage items and percentage value. 6. Mark off from the curve the rational limits of A, B and C categories. eCommerce example The graph above illustrates the yearly sales distribution of a US eCommerce in 2011 for all products that have been sold at least one. Products are ranked starting with the highest sales volumes. Out of 17000 references: Top 2500 products (Top 15%) represent 70% of the sales. Next 4000 products (Next 25%) represent 20% of the sales. Bottom 10500 products (Bottom 60%) represents 10% of the sales. Inventory management policies Policies based on ABC analysis leverage the sales imbalance outlined by the Pareto principle. This implies that each item should receive a weighed treatment corresponding to its class: ï‚ · A-items should have tight inventory control, more secured storage areas and better sales forecasts. Reorders should should be frequent, with weekly or even daily reorder. Avoiding stock-outs on A-items is a priority. Reordering C-items is made less frequently. A typically inventory policy for C-items consist of having only 1 unit on hand, and of reordering only when an actual purchase is made. This approach leads to stock-out situation after each purchase which can be an acceptable situation, as the C-items present both low demand and higher risk of excessive inventory costs. For C-items, the question is not so much how many units do we store? but rather do we even keep this item in store? B-items benefit from an intermediate status between A and C. An important aspect of class B is the monitoring of potential evolution toward class A or, in the contrary, toward the class C. Splitting items in A, B and C classes is relatively arbitrary. This grouping only represents a rather straightforward interpretation of the Pareto principle. In practice, sales volume is not the only metric that weighs the importance of an item. Margin but also the impact of a stock-out on the business of the client should also influence the inventory strategy. Procurement and Warehouse Applications The results of an ABC Analysis extend into a number of other inventory control and management processes: 1. Review of stocking levels – As with investments, past results are no guarantee of future performance. However, â€Å"A† items will generally have greater impact on projected investment and purchasing spend, and therefore should be managed more aggressively in terms of minimum and maximum inventory levels.Obsolescence review – By definition, inactive items will fall to the bottom of the prioritized list. Therefore, the bottom of the â€Å"C† category is the best place to start when performing a periodic obsolescence review. 2. Cycle counting – The higher the usage, the more activity an item is likely to have, hence the greater likelihood that transaction issues will result in inventory errors. Therefore, to ensure accurate record balances, higher priority items are cycle counted more frequently. Generally â€Å"A† items are counted once every quarter; â€Å"B† items once every 6 months; and â€Å"C† items once every 12 months. 3. Identifying items for potential consignment or vendor stocking – Since â€Å"A† items tend to have a greater impact on investment, these would be the best candidates to investigate the potential for alternative stocking arrangements that would reduce investment liability and associated carrying costs. 4. Turnover ratios and associated inventory goals – By definition, â€Å"A† items will have greater usage than â€Å"B† or â€Å"C† items, and as a result should have greater turnover ratios. When establishing investment and turnover metrics, inventory data can be segregated by ABC classification, with different targets for each category. Definition of ‘Inventory Turnover’ A ratio showing how many times a company’s inventory is sold and replaced over a period. the Periodic Review To make the most effective use of ABC classifications, the analysis should be completed at least on an annual basis, and more often as necessary. Other Inventory Classification Techniques HML Classifications The High, medium and Low (HML) classification follows the same procedure as is adopted in ABC classification. Only difference is that in HML, the classification unit value is the criterion and not the annual consumption value. The items of inventory should be listed in the descending order of unit value and it is up to the management to fix limits for three categories. For examples, the management may decide that all units with unit value of Rs. 2000 and above will be H items, Rs. 1000 to 2000 M items and less than Rs. 1000 L items. The HML analysis is useful for keeping control over consumption at departmental levels, for deciding the frequency of physical verification, and for controlling purchases. VED Classification While in ABC, classification inventories are classified on the basis of their consumption value and in HML analysis the unit value is the basis, criticality of inventories is the basis for vital, essential and desirable categorization. The VED analysis is done to determine the criticality of an item and its effect on production and other services. It is specially used for classification of spare parts. If a part is vital it is given V classification, if it is essential, then it is given E classification and if it is not so essential, the part is given D classification. For V items, a large stock of inventory is generally maintained, while for D items, minimum stock is enough. SDE Classification The SDE analysis is based upon the availability of items and is very useful in the context of scarcity of supply. In this analysis, S refers to scarce items, generally imported, and those which are in short supply. D refers to difficult items which are available indigenously but are difficult items to procure. Items which have to come from distant places or for which reliable suppliers are difficult to come by fall into D category. E refers to items which are easy to acquire and which are available in the local markets. The SDE classification, based on problems faced in procurement, is vital to the lead time analysis and in deciding on purchasing strategies. FSN Analysis FSN stands for fast moving, slow moving and non-moving. Here, classification is based on the pattern of issues from stores and is useful in controlling obsolescence. To carry out an FSN analysis, the date of receipt or the last date of issue, whichever is later, is taken to determine the number of months, which have lapsed since the last transaction. The items are usually grouped in periods of 12 months. FSN analysis is helpful in identifying active items which need to be reviewed regularly and surplus items which have to be examined further. Non-moving items may be examined further and their disposal can be considered.

Calculating Limiting Reactant of a Chemical Reaction

Calculating Limiting Reactant of a Chemical Reaction Chemical reactions rarely occur when exactly the right amount of reactants will react together to form products. One reactant will be used up before another runs out. This reactant is known as the limiting reactant. Strategy This is a strategy to follow when determining which reactant is the limiting reactant.Consider the reaction:2 H2(g) O2(g) → 2 H2O(l)If 20 grams of H2 gas is reacted with 96 grams of O2 gas, Which reactant is the limiting reactant?How much of the excess reactant remains?How much H2O is produced? To determine which reactant is the limiting reactant, first determine how much product would be formed by each reactant if all the reactant was consumed. The reactant that forms the least amount of product will be the limiting reactant. Calculate the yield of each reactant. To review, follow the strategy outlined in How to Calculate Theoretical Yield. The mole ratios between each reactant and the product are needed to complete the calculation:The mole ratio between H2 and H2O is 1 mol H2/1 mol H2OThe mole ratio between O2 and H2O is 1 mol O2/2 mol H2OThe molar masses of each reactant and product are also needed.molar mass of H2 2 gramsmolar mass of O2 32 gramsmolar mass of H2O 18 gramsHow much H2O is formed from 20 grams H2?grams H2O 20 grams H2 x (1 mol H2/2 g H2) x (1 mol H2O/1 mol H2) x (18 g H2O/1 mol H2O)All the units except grams H2O cancel out, leavinggrams H2O (20 x 1/2 x 1 x 18) grams H2Ograms H2O 180 grams H2OHow much H2O is formed from 96 grams O2?grams H2O 20 grams H2 x (1 mol O2/32 g O2) x (2 mol H2O/1 mol O2) x (18 g H2O/1 mol H2O)grams H2O (96 x 1/32 x 2 x 18) grams H2Ograms H2O 108 grams O2O Much more water is formed from 20 grams of H2 than 96 grams of O2. Oxygen is the limiting reactant. After 108 grams of H2O forms, the reaction stops. To determine the amount of excess H2 remaining, calculate how much H2 is needed to produce 108 grams of H2O.grams H2 108 grams H2O x (1 mol H2O/18 grams H2O) x (1 mol H2/1 mol H2O) x (2 grams H2/1 mol H2)All the units except grams H2 cancel out, leavinggrams H2 (108 x 1/18 x 1 x 2) grams H2grams H2 (108 x 1/18 x 1 x 2) grams H2grams H2 12 grams H2It takes 12 grams of H2 to complete the reaction. The amount remaining isgrams remaining total grams - grams usedgrams remaining 20 grams - 12 gramsgrams remaining 8 gramsThere will be 8 grams of excess H2 gas at the end of the reaction.There is enough information to answer the question.The limiting reactant was O2.There will be 8 grams H2 remaining.There will be 108 grams H2O formed by the reaction. Finding the limiting reactant is a relatively simple exercise. Calculate the yield of each reactant as if it were completely consumed. The reactant that produces the least amount of product limit the reaction. More For more examples, check out Limiting Reactant Example Problem and Aqueous Solution Chemical Reaction Problem. Test your new skills by answering  Theoretical Yield and Limiting Reaction Test Questions. Sources Vogel, A. I.; Tatchell, A. R.; Furnis, B. S.; Hannaford, A. J.; Smith, P. W. G. Vogels Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, 5th Edition. Pearson, 1996, Essex, U.K.Whitten, K.W., Gailey, K.D. and Davis, R.E. General Chemistry, 4th Edition. Saunders College Publishing, 1992, Philadelphia.Zumdahl, Steven S. Chemical Principles, 4th Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2005, New York.