The Process When Making an Act of Parliament

The Process When Making an set of fan tan Making law is single of the core functions of Parliament. Laws begin as bills and must progress through with(predicate) a number of set pointednesss in both the Ho usance of green and the sign of Lords. unaccompanied Parliament can make new laws, or change existing ones, that affect the whole of the UK and so proposals are brought to Parliament by the Government and by individual Members of Parliament . These are c every(prenominal)ed Bills. There are 3 different types of Bills, these are Public Members Bills, sequestered Members Bills and Hybrid Members Bills.Most Public Bills are introduced into Parliament take a crap away public policies which will either number the whole country or a large section of it, these Bills are known as Public Bills, for example, the efficacious Services Act 2007. Public Bills change the law which applies to the population and are the to the highest degree common type of Bill in Parliament Governme nt Bills, and those perpetrate forward by MPs or Lords, also known as Private Members Bills. A Private Bill is a Bill intentional to pass a law which will only affect individual people.A Private Bill does not make law for the whole country. However, a Private Members Bill is a Bill which is introduced by an indivual Member of Parliament. Very little Private Member Bills become laws, however there have been some authoritative laws passed, for example the Abortion Act 1967 and the Household Waste Recycling Act 2003. MPs and Lords can introduce as many bills as they want, but most of them will have little chance of becoming laws. A ballot is present at the start of each parliamentary session.Sometimes an MP will use the Ten Minute Rule to make a short speech on the advantages of a bill they want to introduce, which is often a way of picture attention to an issue rather than saying the advantages of their chosen bill. Bills can be introduced to either the Commons or the Lords first, every Public Bill has to be passed through stages in both Houses until it can become a law. The first stage is the bills official introduction to the House. It is made up of the short rubric of the bill being read out by the Clerk in the chamber.Then, hence bill is given a date for the second stage, which is the second reading and an order made for it to be officially printed, making it available to all Members and the public. The second reading is when the main purpose of a bill is discussed and voted on. This is the first hazard for MPs or Lords to say their concerns on areas where they think changes are needed. If the bill passes this stage, it moves on to the committee stage. The committee stage is where a detailed examination is said. It ordinarily starts within a couple of weeks after the bills second reading.A Public Bill Committee is appointed which is usually able to take test from experts from outside Parliament. Changes for discussion are selected by the chairman of the committee and only members of the committee can vote on the changes. This is when it is agreed on, changed or removed from the bill. A dainty amount of bills are dealt with by a Committee of the Whole House which takes place in the main chamber, where every MP is able to take part. The Lords Committee stage usually takes place in the main chamber and there is no time limit on discussion of amendments.The report stage is when a bill is returned to the House after the committee stage, this is where the whole House reviews the amended form of the bill. The third reading is the final opportunity for each House to flip over and to vote on the bill as a whole. Debate on the bill is usually short, where changes cant be made at the third party reading. The third party reading is the final vote on the Bill as a whole. There is a further debate on the Bill if six or more MPs request it. If this happens, the Bill passes to another(prenominal) House where it will have to go through the same stages again.The power of the coercive Court is limited. When the Supreme Court makes changes to the Bill, the changes will be considered by the House of Commons before the Bill goes to its final stage. If the Supreme Court refuses to pass a Bill, the House of Commons can introduce the same Bill in the next Parliamentary session, if it is passed by the House of Commons for a second time it can then receive the Royal Assent and become a law without the agreement of the Supreme Court. The Royal Assets is a monarch has to approve the Bill and give their agreement for it to become a law.The last time the Royal Asset was refused was in 1707 when Queen Anne refused to agree to the frugal Militia Bill. The doctrine of Parliamentary sovereignty means that any statute passed by the Parliament cant be challenge. It is associated with Dicey, who defines sovereignty as the remunerate to make any law and the principle that there is no competing legislative body of Parliament. Parliament does not have time to debate every small detail of complex regulations. Making regulations through delegated polity saves Parliamentary time.Society has become very technical, this makes it impossible that members of the Parliament cold have all the knowledge needed to control technology, ensuring environment safety, dealing with different industrial worrys or operating complex taxation schemes. Delegated legislation allows the Government to make changes to a law without needing to propel through a completely new Act of Parliament. Consultation is important for rules with technical things, where it is necessary to make sure that the regulations technically work.The process of passing an Act of Parliament can take time and in an emergency Parliament may not be able to pass law quick enough. However, Orders in Council can be made very quickly. Delegated legislation can be revoked easily when necessary so that the law can be kept up to date. This can be useful when monetary limits have to change each year, for example the minimum wage or the limits for legal aid. The main criticism is that delegated legislation takes law making away from the House of Commons and allows non-elected people to make law.This criticism cant be made of laws made by the local anaesthetic authorities since there are elected bodies and accountable to the local citizens. Another problem is sub-delegation, this means that the law making indorsement is handed down another level. The large amount of delegated legislation is also a disadvantage as it makes it difficult to discover what the present law is. The delegated legislation shares with the Acts of Parliament the same problem that can cause difficulty in understanding the law. The UK joined the European coalescency on 1st January 1973.European law is mainly concerned with trade and work, but this affects areas of law, such as agriculture, company law, consumer rights, employment rights and environmental law. Since the UK joined th e European Union, the highest court in our legal system is the European Court of Justice. The European Union law is made by the European Court of Justice is binding on all courts in England and Wales. The European Union doesnt affect all area of our law, such as our criminal law, for this law the highest court is the Supreme Court. Parliament is seen as being the supreme law maker for England and Wales.The UK entering the European Union has affects Parliaments supremacy, as the European laws take priority over any national law. This was decided even before the UK joined the European Union in the Dutvh case of Van Gend en Loos in 1963. Parliament can still be said to be supreme, since it is only through Parliament passing the European Committees Act 1972 that European law has effect in the UK. The Human Rights Act 1998 joined the European convocation on Human Rights in British law. This means that anyone taking a court case in the UK can rely on the rights given in the Convention as part of their case.The Act makes it impossible for a public authority to act in a way that is incompatible with a Convection right. Public authority is anyone who has some public function, this does not include Parliament. The right to life is the most fundamental of human rights. This is everyones right to life and is protected by the law, if this is breached then there is a breach of the Convection, this was seen in the case of McCann v United Kingdom in 1995. The aim of the Human Rights Act 1998 is to givefurther effect to rights and freedoms under the European convention on human rights.

Latin America Transformed

This work focuses on four different areas for understanding the dynamics of place America and the Caribbean. The first is the comparative evaluation of study policies in the region prior to neoliberalism. The second involves analytical work that combines the nature of the neoliberal model applied in the Caribbean and rudimentary America. The third is the study of the situation of migration and trading blocks in contemporary Caribbean and Central American development. The fourth considers the Cuban exception as a tenderist state in a capitalist sea.The republics of Central America and the Caribbean share many diachronic characteristics. All of these countries ground trained part of the Spanish colonial system for three centuries or more(prenominal). However, both regions cede inherited highly unequal distributions of agricultural land (Gwynne & Kay 104). Although the countries spun out of the Spanish colonial orbit at different times and in different contexts, Spanish coloni alism established important elements of coherence that helped lay the foundations for the challenges of nation-state edifice after indep residuumence. Furthermore, Central America and the Caribbean obligate shared, since the late nineteenth century, the strong political, hearty, and economic influence of the coupled States and the development of agro- trade economies.Either through the direct creation of unsullied enclave economies (mining, sugar, timber, bananas, and so on) the development of export infrastructures or the less visible participation in the production and marketing of other products, such as coffee, cattle, or food, foreign -especially U.S., German, and English entrepreneurs helped connect the region firmly to the North Atlantic economy.Beginning at the end of the nineteenth century, national elites struggled to channel and contain social and political movements in order to promote the soft of order and progress they and foreign investors depended upon and als o to construct memories, histories, and images of nations that were functional to their political and economic projects and their dreams of national world-beater and stability. At the actually(prenominal) time, foreign political and economic control and their own internal weaknesses and contradictions led them to seek, at least rhetorically, national unity and in addiction and to make strategic concessions to popular classes in an attempt to organize nationalist or populist alliances. This kind of opening both influenced the ways popular struggles came to be outlined and scored situations in which popular forces could effectively make their voices heard in the national political arena.CBI should be seen as a vanguard policy for a reconstituted US regional hegemony under neoliberalism (Gwynne & Kay 105). Caribbean governments in the context of their efforts at promoting economic and social development and with the external debt crisis hanging heavily over their heads had been st ressing the need for a meaningful, incorporated program of emergency assistance in the form of aid and market and investment preferences. Indeed as early as 1979, Edward Seaga, then the opposition leader of Jamaica, proposed the need for a mini-Marshall Plan and a Puerto Rico-style consanguinity between the US and the Caribbean. CBI could therefore be regarded as a response to those appeals.The most salient studies in Cuban history written in the 1970s and 1980s focused on the transition from striver labor to openhanded labor in Cubas orchard economy and were led by the research of Manuel Moreno Fraginals into Cubas plantation sector and Rebecca Scotts work on the abolition of slavery and its impact. Since then, studies shake addressed issues of racial and ethnic organization and identity, immigration, and social banditry, as wholesome as the womens and labor movements.Jorge Ibarra has begun a military operation of revision and reconsideration of the classic themes of Cuban hi storiography, including the islands social structure. Since the nineteenth century Cuba has essentially had a one-crop (sugar cane) exporting economy with the concomitant vulnerabilities of output and price fluctuations and deteriorating terms of trade (Gwynne & Kay 118). Cuba is now almost totally isolated and potentially a citation of forthcoming conflict and violence. Cuba has ceased to be the totalitarian state it once was as the state itself was severely weaken by the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.Spurred on by the international climate favoring regional trading blocs, Middle American countries have recently formed the Association of Caribbean States, but beyond several(prenominal) regional summits have taken no firm steps towards region-wide economic desegregation (Gwynne & Kay 100). The Association of Caribbean States (ACS) encompasses two hundred million (plus) inhabitants of the region and, a large with free trade arrangements between CARICOM and Venezuela, Co lombia, and the Southern Cone countries, represents the consolidation of a Caribbean strategy to participate as fully as possible in the movement toward hemispheric free trade.Ironically, the Caribbean is moving in the direction of the foreign conception of the region in that U.S., European, Japanese, and other external policy-makers have long dealt with the Caribbean programmatically as a seamless, if culturally diverse, unit. Regional academics and policy-makers, however, depart from this programmatic view in recognizing that certain aspects of sub-group singularity must still be maintained. For example, the existing Caribbean Community (CARICOM) integration area will for the foreseeable future co-exist with the ACS.For both the Caribbean and Central America, the version of import substitution adopted to a large extent concern US multinational corporations (MNCs) relocating production facilities within the region to serve customers there, rather than a dramatic blowup of domest ically-owned industries (Gwynne & Kay 100). Both liberal, free-market rhetoric and collective bodies of capitalists (domestic holding companies and multinational corporations) spearheaded the drive to enter foreign areas. The ideology praised identity and free market values, but the actual agencies of penetration were collectivized planning organizations. U.S. businessmen and politicians looked first to Central America for markets because that region had long been expected to become a closer economic partner.But U.S. officials conducted weeny study of the Central American economic situation and entered into no systematic consultation with Central American leaders because the U.S. vision expressed in the doctrines of Manifest Destiny and the Open Door was restricted to end U.S. domestic problems, not meeting Central American needs. The Americanism initiated in the 1880s, which was expected to create the market conditions needed to assure U.S. commercial expansion, also exposed fun damental differences between the U.S. and Central American visions. While the unify States proposed mainly commercial programs, the Central American delegates often struggled to include political, social, and cultural affairs.Among the alternatives available, it seems that the neoliberal model has begun to prevail. This model, which is well known and well supported from outside, substantively modifies the structure of Central American countries. Its hallmark is the absence of attention to social aspects. In the case of Central America, it eliminates what little economic equilibrium had existed before, producing a growing concentration of riches in the hands of the few, and a progressive pauperization of the rest of the population. Consequently, it will crumble democracy throughout the region.Neoliberalism puts pressure on already highly-trade-dependent Middle America to export more (Gwynne & Kay 104). The progress or modernisation pursued by the Latin American governments required increasing sums of money to import the machinery, railroads, luxuries, and technology that would be used to try to transform their nations into replicas of the European nations the elites and middle class so frequently admired. To earn that money, the Latin Americans increased their exports, the foods or minerals they traditionally had sold abroad. The export sector of their economies received the most attention.In that sector, they increasingly concentrated investments, technology, and labor, leaving the domestic economy weak and increasingly inadequate. The number of those exports was limited. The highly prized railroads, built at staggering expense, opened new lands for exploitation but always were linked to the export sector, rushing the substantive products of the interior to the coastal ports where ships waited to transport them to Europe and the United States. Most of the modernization concentrated in the export sector. It contributed to some impressive result but did lit tle to develop Central America. In fact, modernization contributed to compound dependency.Central America and the Caribbean is a region of small, economically vulnerable and trade-dependent countries surrounded by larger and more industrialized countries that are moving more aggressively towards economic integration (Gwynne & Kay 99). From one perspective, global transformations create challenges and opportunities for policymakers who can adapt to changing environments and prudently re judge basic questions of survival, viability, and effectiveness. There is reason to believe that this process is under way in Cuba, though the nature of these calculations and their long-term consequences are unknown. For example, Cuba must carefully calculate its interests in a context of rapidly changing balances and one in which its currency defiance, moralism, anti-imperialism has lost much of its value.Systemic reasons rooted in a command model and a series of blunders and poor decisions by go vernment largely explain Cubas economic predicament. It is increasingly recognized in Cuba itself that its substantial economic, financial, and trade dependence on the former communist world actually deprived it of the advantages that would have accrued to it had relations been spread out with more capitalist countries.Unfortunately, Middle America denotes a region anxious about, and reacting somewhat defensively to, hemispheric movements towards trade alliances to its north and south. Spurred on by the international climate favoring regional trading blocs, Middle American countries have recently formed the Association of Caribbean States, but beyond several regional summits have taken no firm steps towards region-wide economic integration (Gwynne & Kay 100).The revival of the integration movement has been encouraged by the perceived world wide trend to form trading blocks spearheaded by the European Community (EC). This development led to a perceived need in the United States, Can ada, and some Latin American countries to form a hemispheric economic block in order to counterbalance the strengthened European integration movement. Once the NAFTA movement got underway, some LAC countries realized the need to participate in it to avoid the possible negatively charged economic effects that NAFTA may have on their economies.The Central American Common Market (CACM) consists of louvre countries with a long history of linkages Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica (Gwynne & Kay 121). Together, the original CACM members experimented with the development strategy known as Import Substitution Industrialization, or (ISI). This strategy called for a change in the nature and structure of hire away from imported consumer goods and toward imported industrial goods, which could then be used to produce domestically the same goods that would formally have been imported. During its initial stages, ISI was considered quite successful and was often credite d with the economic boom that brush the region at the time of its inception.In reaction to neoliberalism, a growing number of tidy sum have tried to emigrate to North America and Europe, where about 5 million Caribbean islanders have gone since 1945 (Gwynne & Kay 120). For example, Salvadorans ab initio migrated to San Francisco, while Hondurans migrated to New Orleans. Migration has been such an integral part of the east Caribbean culture that almost every Eastern Caribbean citizen has a relative or friend living in a major country.This factor is of import when analyzing both the political and economic system of the Eastern Caribbean. Since 1979 there has been significant changes in migration patterns and, notably, in the spate of people leaving Central America. Not surprisingly, Nicaragua and El Salvador, both of which suffered tremendous damage from war and social unrest, witnessed one of the most dramatic migrations of their people to other Central American countries, Mexic o, the United States, Canada, and elsewhere. To cite an uttermost(prenominal) example, for every five people born in St Kitts and Nevis and alive today, two now reside in the United States (Gwynne & Kay 120).Neoliberalism, in particular, has made a major contribution to the dynamic and contradictory processes of globalization in the Caribbean and Central America. One important conclusion that comes from this study is that the neoliberal structural adjustment programs are very limited. Although export agriculture has produced some wealth, it has also created massive structural problems of inequality, and it has not achieved self-sustained, modernizing growth over the long run.In conclusion, a feature of Caribbean and Central American migration that deserves further exploration and research is the potential for unremitting and circular migration, principally between the islands of the Caribbean and the United States. This phenomenon has important implications for labor markets in re gions of origin and destination. Many of the people now returning to their homelands are bringing with them the wealth of accumulated knowledge and experience. This should significantly enhance the level of human capital in these Central American economies and serve as an important element for the growth and development of the region.Works CitedRobert N. Gwynne, Cristbal Kay. Latin America Transformed Globalization and Modernity. Arnold London, 1999.

A study of the catfishing scheme of hile according to special agent steve kim Essay

A 29-year-old man from Michigan intended to pop out a woman and her boyfriend from San Diego who got unwittingly involved in the mans virtual love social occasion. The man, by the name of Hile, had gotten himself involved in a catfishing scheme. A catfishing scheme is when a person uses accessible media to pretend to be someone their not, typically to engage in misleading online romances. Hile was involved in an Internet-only birth for two years. He exchanged explicit photos and romantic communications with someone who he believed was a woman. When Hile well-read that the women he thought he was in a kin was a man living in South Africa he became enraged and vowed to go steady the man who deceived him and the women when images played a role in the lying. gibe to additional Agent Steve Kim in the San Diego Division, The woman, in this case, was a victim twice. Kim explains when the woman was 18 years old, she took revealing pictures of herself for personal use, never intendin g for them to be seen publicly. Those photos were later stolen from her online account, which she was aware of, and she had no predilection what was being done with them.Hiles primary target for the revenge was the man from South Africa who actually dumped him. According to Special Agent Steve Kim South Africa was too far away and using a process she exposit as circular logic he went after the women instead. Even though the women had nothing to do with this internet-only relationship scam with the man from South Africa and Hile, he still believed she had some kind of responsibility just because she was utilize in the pictures.Hile was determined to learn the womans identity he cyberstalked her, conducted extensive online searches, and used hacking tools. Special Agent Steve Kim said Eventually, he was able to hack into her e-mail account,Hile got a hole of very expand personal training on the women. He found not only nurture nearly the women but her live-in boyfriend and al so their extended family and friends. After finding out her Address, telephone numbers and even information such as her favorite restaurant he purchased a bus ticket from Michigan to San Diego to shovel in the women. Fortunately, Hiles family sensed that he was planning something and alerted authorities, which eventually led to Hiles detention in San Diego, about a mile from the womans residence. When hill was arrested he not only had all of the information he collected about the women but also had duct tape, zip ties, and a to-do inclination of an orbit which included things such as obtaining a knife and chloroform. Special Agent Steve Kim said, Had he gotten there, we are confident(p) he would father hurt or killed the victims. Hile was found guilty by a San Diego jury in August 2013.This case influences my morals because I feel that what this man did was wrong. Hile had no reason to attack the young lady in the pictures, she was unknowingly involved with the internet-only ro mantic affair Hile was having. If Hile chooses to get involved in an internet-only romantic affair with someone he should have known the risks of doing so. I also feel that from a standpoint of him being arrested 5 years is not enough time in prison. The maximum allowed by fairness for interstate stalking is five years in federal prison, I think this man should have been aerated with intent to kill. I know each state has its own cyber laws but is their not a law covering this type of situation? I could only find information on laws with intent to kill that involved a type of battery or assault paired with it. I could not find any laws specifically relating to someone who was cyber-stalking someone with an intent to kill them. I think this man should have had a different sentence due to the circumstances of this crime.My own computer security of ethics would be as follows. I would not use any knowledge I have learned to get off into any computer systems. I would not use computer sy stems in any way that whitethorn harm people. I would not snoop around in another persons files. I would not use someones computer or computer resources without authorization. I would also never release malicious software on to others computer systems. I think that having a code of ethics when using computers can be as simple as being considerate and respect for your fashion plate computer users.ReferencesThe FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation) (2013, December 23).Cyber Stalker Cautionary Tale of Online Romance and Revenge. RetrievedMarch2, 2014, from http//www.fbi.gov/news/stories/2013/ declination/cautionary-tale-of-online-romance-and-revenge/cautionary-tale-of-online-romance-and-revengeWikipedia The Free Encyclopedia (2014, February 26).Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. RetrievedMarch3, 2014, from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ten_Commandments_of_Computer_Ethics

Different political tribes’ opinions about Islam in Malaysia

Malaysia is a multi-cultural multiethnic and multilingual society with Malay, Indian and Chinese being the major races in the population. There ar in addition other indigenous tribal groups and Bahasa Malaysia is the unsophisticateds national language although such other dialects wish Mandarin, English and Tamil are widely spoken especially in the commercial and business sectors.The countrys official religious belief is Islam lend oneselfd by majority Malaysians but other worships such as Buddhism, Hindooism and Christianity are in addition utilised (Verma 96). Malaysia is made up of two major regions that suck been separated by South China Sea and consists of a federation of thirteen enunciates and 3 federal territories. Although little fundamental interaction is notable, the communities are said to coexist in harmony regardless of their phantasmal and cultural differences (Hussain).In Malaysia like in any other state that is predominantly Muslim it is hard to separat e religion and state matters and such(prenominal) attention is paid to the manner in which Islam is represented in the socio-cultural and governmental spheres. It is no wonder and then that in Malaysia, religion has become very much politicized while contentiousness marks the secular state (Lahoud 40, 43). In a multi-ethnic country that is on the modernization path like Malaysia the implications and reality of a government whose policies are rooted in Islam has begun to sink in the minds of to the highest degree people.Such replications like Muslim state, emancipation of religion, the hudoud law and granting immunity of expression project spilled out into the macrocosm arena as the two major Moslem governmental parties, the op carriage PAS (Party Islam se-Malaysia) and ruling UMNO (United Malays National Organization) wrap up to struggle for political dominance in this nation. UMNO is the major political party and has dominate Malaysian politics for decades.After Prime Minister Abdullah Badawi came to power in 2003, there has been notable attempts to root for Islamic values on non-Muslims and his attempt to promote traditional Islam (Islam Hadari) has move Islam into the integral part of all government policies (Esposito et al 94-103). The imposing of the Hijab on non-Muslim women in the police force and those working in restaurants, and the ban im modeld on couples not to hold hands in public are clear indications of the instruction Malaysian government policies concern to affect the non-Muslim population.But PAS is opposed to Islam Hadhari and aims at establishing a state of Malaysia based on a theoretical approach of Islam as provided for in the Sunnah ( focusing of the oracle and Quran) (Hussain). In conceive of the fact that Islam and Malay identity are so intert provideed, there is a pugnacious contest amongst the PAS and UMNO parties as they try to out-do each other on the political and religious arenas and win the role of Islams st andard-bearer, and in such a way, the vote of the Malay constituents.UMNO has frequently been accused by PAS of failing to uphold Islam and its values while UMNO accuses PAS of being fanatical and led by conservative traditionalists who pose a threat to the economic growth of the country. PAS goes on to criticize UMNO of practicing uneven development and in this way has managed to attract the appeal of the Malay Muslim. The PAS party has diverted its political propaganda from Malay nationalism and value of Islamic law and now stresses that is its committed to authentic Islam.The party leaders are using their position to transform social-cultural life among the Northern states governed by PAS (Esposito 94-103). Islamic institutions and mosques in contrary strongholds such as Selangor have been banned from any promotion of Islam Hadhari arguing that it is distorting the religion of Islam by including non-Muslims in its laws. PAS which is an opposition party goes on to argue that Isla m Hadhari is leading to a loss of spiritualism in the Islamic religion and that Islam is being utilize to promote economic development.Other opposition parties like the peoples Justice Party (PJP) and Chinese dominated Leftist Democratic Party (CDP) have not opposed this ban. Various Muslim groups have also been debating over the role that Islam should play in Malaysian society, be it in relation to religious freedom in such a plural society, democracy or rights for minorities and women (Lahoud 40-43). In Malaysia, ethnic and religious variety is prominent and certain religions are identified with certain ethnic groups for example Malays with the Islamic religion, and ethnic Chinese tribes with their traditional religions.The communalization of Islam by the Malays through their approach that ethical and religious interests are equal does not go well with non-Muslims who hold a view that Islam is to blame for underachievement in Malayan society (Verma 94). The Malaysian fundamenta l law defines all Malays as Muslim disregarding of their ethnic background and states that Islam should not be challenged either constitutionally or conventionally. Introduction of religious discourse in national identification defining a Malayan as either Muslim or non-Muslim has not gone well with non-Muslims who view this move as discriminative.Although Islam puts emphasis on such principles as tolerance, peaceful co-existence, human brother-hood and respect for all, the Muslims in Malaysia like in any other Muslim dominated country seem to enjoy special rights and this status-quo is bound to continue until such a time that Islam gets modernized or reformed. Muslims in Malaysia have proved very un bequeathing to extend equal rights to the minority non-Muslim society and although other religious groups have been given freedom to practice their beliefs, this practice is limited and building of places of worship is sanctioned by the state.Demolition of rough Chinese temples and several Hindu temples in 2004 and 2005 raised uproar within these communities leading to discontentment with the authorities. Worship places for Muslims are also construct from public funds while others are privately funded. The non-Muslim tax-payers are certainly not happy about(predicate) this and view such a move as exploitation of the minority (Verma 94-103). Traditional Chinese view about Islam has withal been more than bent towards indifference rather than hostility.Ethnic Chinese are far supra the Malays in the fields of trade, modern raising and business and they find no good reason to set up any interest in Islam because of its identification with inferior ethnic groups. The Malays on the other hand gesture the Islamic worth of ethnic Chinese cultural practices such as use of chopsticks for eating although this practice has been traditionally unacceptable to the Malays. Because of the attitude the Malay Muslims hold towards Chinese culture, the ethnic Chinese has got all the more convinced that Islam is not suitable for the Chinese people.Most of the Chinese oppose home Islam because as they argue, it poses political opposition to Malaysias economic transformation. Non-Muslims and liberal Muslims accuse Islam of being intolerant to secularism and trying to interpret any issue on the basis of Islamic religion. They argue that Islam tends to be too rigid and fails to consider that social situations continue to evolve and change with time and that such interpretations as were used in ancient times re not compatible with the changing social situations (Esposito 92-107).In Malaysia, Muslims have all long enjoyed special religio-ethnic privileges at the get down of the Indians, Chinese and other indigenous communities that practice other religions. The non-Muslims are subjected to discrimination in the government-supported sectors such as education (scholarships, schools and universities) as well as in businesses and employment sectors. They are al so subject to religious discrimination such as use of the Islamic Sharia laws to settle any religious disputes between the Muslims and non-Muslims, a practice that is done in Islamic salutes which remain inaccessible for non-Muslims.In the recent past, Shariah court rulings in marriage, conversion, child custody and divorce cases involving non-Muslim have also drawn much criticism from the non-Muslim community because the verdict is passed based on Islamic laws (Peletz 3-6, 12). But non-Muslims still continue to convert to Islam for marriage purposes and because they postulate to enjoy the special privileges accorded to the Muslims. A non-Muslim cannot be married to a Muslim unless the former converts to Islam first. But it is ill that one cannot convert back to their original religion after a divorce because Islam gives no inhabit for someone to desert the faith.They propagate that once a Muslim always a Muslim and those who have tried to change have only changed their belief b ut legally remain Muslim. In most cases in Malaysia conversion from Islam to another religion is not allowed especially for the ethnic Malay and such an disrespect will lead to a jail term or fine or in some cases both. Most public institutions are Muslim dominated and non-Muslims normally convert to Islam to be included in such institutions. The minority ethnic tribes of Malaysia also identify with Islam as the only means of being recognize by the state and benefiting from state programs (Esposito 92-96).Islam can be a blessing to all Malaysians if it is practiced the prim way. But the fact that the Muslims want to persuade the other communities into living an Islamic kind of life which jibe to the Muslims is the only acceptable way, has led to a lot of discontentment among the non-Muslims. Muslims forget that Islam is a religion and should not be forced upon others in a multi-racial country that advocates religious tolerance. It should therefore not determine the way of life o f a different religious group or even determine the political arranging in such a multi-ethnic country like Malaysia.In a society where everyone pays tax irrespective of their ethnic or religious background, it is most unfair that tax-payers money is only used to pay Islamic teachers and maintain Islamic institutions at the expense of others (Hussain). Views about Islam are also diverse among the Muslim believers and radical groups propagating for reform such as Sisters in Islam have become very strong in Malaysia. They are calling for more rights for women such as being allowed to learn and become judges in the countries discriminatory courts, and are also calling for an end to the outdated practice of polygamy.Such groups are trash against religious radicalism that has been fighting to put the woman back to the confinement of the home in a society where formal education has been extended to every gender (Anwar). There is increased awareness that using Islam to design laws and p ublic policies that will be used to govern private and public live in this country, will lead to a situation whereby it becomes very important to determine who is responsible for defining the role Islam plays in society.In Malaysia, womens groups, political parties, NGOs, the Media and human rights organizations have began to engage in public debates on several such issues and the role that religion should play in political life. Most of these people feel that the state of Malaysia should be one in which there are equal rights for every citizen but not rights based on gender, ethnicity or religion (Hussain). Opinions about Islam in Malaysia therefore vary in different places depending on the ethnic and religious typography of the population and also depending on the political party that has its stronghold in a particular region.Different political parties, even those that are Islamist have had contrasting secular and Islamist stands. Such parties as DAP and PAS are extremely foe i n their view about Islamic law and practices where PAS takes a radical approach while DAP has a more secular approach. The struggle to attract the Muslim vote that is going on between UMNO and PAS has however only led to a society where Islam is now more and more being used straight off to define the way of life of the Muslims and indirectly that of the non-Muslims (Lahoud 40-43).

Buddhism is the reality

Emptiness in Buddhism is the populace of the existence of ourselves, and all(a) the phenomena virtually us. According to the Buddhist point of view, confabking reality and seeking liberation amount to the same amour. The individual who doesnt want to seek reality doesnt really want to seek liberation. If you have to look for it outside yourself, in another view, then you atomic number 18 mistaken. You cannot seek reality outside yourself because you are reality. Perhaps you think that your life, your reality was do by society, by your friends?If you think that way you are far from reality. if you think that your existence, your life was made by psyche else it means that you are not taking the responsibility to understand reality. You have to see that your attitudes, your view of the world, of your experiences, of your girlfriend or boyfriend, of your own self, are all the interpretation of your own mind, your own imagination. They are your own projection, your mind literally made them up. If you dont understand this then you have very little befall of understanding emptiness.You cannot seek reality outside yourself because you are reality. Perhaps you think that your life, your reality was made by society, by your friends? If you think that way you are far from reality. if you think that your existence, your life was made by somebody else it means that you are not taking the responsibility to understand reality. A basic doctrinal arrogance in the Buddhist tradition states that Buddhism or no self means that no permanent indistinguishability comtinues from one period of time to the next.This according to them is not a pessimistic point of view just directly rather a simple realistic acceptance of the constantly changing human personality and all of reality as well. They understand that if everything changes, then it is possible for everything on earth to become new. If they grasp amply the essence of emptiness, then it would be possible to face eve n the toughest situations in life with a feeling of lightness and peace of mind. With this in mind, one can begin to understand what it means for a Buddhist to cross out the word I.Buddhists can begin to erase this word by reallizing that there is no permanent self to hold onto or protect. Furthermore, emptiness is a mode of perception, a way of looking at experience. It does not add or subtract everything from the actual data of somatogenetic and affable events. It is looking at the incidents or happenings in the mind and the senses without any thought of whether theres anything lying behind them. In this mode one does not act or react to any events that transpire which would mean a deeper involvement thus complicating the matter.To master the emptiness mode of perception requires unshakable training in virtue, concentration and discernment. Without this training, the mind stays in the mode that keeps creating stories and world views. And from the perspective of that mode, the article of faith of emptiness sounds simply like another story or world view with new footing rules. It seems to be saying that the world doesnt really exist,or else that emptiness is the great undifferentiated ground of world from which we all came and to which someday we will all return. QUESTION 2Snyders poetry has the grandeur and detail of nature, and the mental disciplines of Zen Buddhism. He writes I the outset person, as individual in the wilderness, but the beauty and atmosphere of the wilderness allows that individual the status of a common man. For Snyder, symbol and metaphor cause a distancing from the thing itself,the thing itself is at least enough. Love and respect for the primitive tribe, honour accorded the Earth, the escape from city and diligence into both the past and the possible, contemplation, the communal, peace, and the ascetic.There is not much wilderness left to destroy, and the nature in the mind is cosmos logged and burned off. Industrial-urban s ociety is not evil ut there is no progress either. (quoted in David Kherdian, sise San Francisco Poets, Fresno, Calif. , 1969). Wild Mind according to Gary means elegantly self-disciplined, self-regulating. In wilderness nobody has a commission plan for it. Care for the environment is like noblesse oblige. You dont do it because it has to be done. You do it because its beautiful. You are not being anxious to do good, or feels obligation or anything like that.In The institutionalise of the Wild Gary introduced a pair of distinctive ideas to our vocabulary of ecological inquiry. Grounded in a lifetime of nature and wilderness observation, Snyder offered the etiquette of freedom and practice of the wild as root prescriptions for the global crisis. Informed by East-West poetics, orbit and wilderness issues, anthropology, benevolent Buddhism, and Snyders long years of familiarity with the bush and high mountain places, these principles point to the internal and life-sustaining relat ionship between place and psyche.To Snyder, value also translates as responsibility. Within his approach to take in and committing to a place is the acceptance of responsible stewardship. Snyder maintains that it is through this engaged sense of effort and practice-participating in what he salutes as the tiresome but tangible work of school boards, county supervisors, local foresters, local administration-that we find our real community, our real culture.Many of Snyders original arguments addressing pollution and our addiction to consumption have by now become mainstream reduced fossil fuel dependence, recycling, responsible resource harvesting. Others remain works-in-progress effective soil conservation, economics as a small subbranch of ecology, learning to break the habit of acquiring unnecessary possessions, division by natural and cultural boundaries rather than arbitrary political boundaries.As an ecological philosopher, Snyders role has been to point out first the problems , and then the hard medicine that must be swallowed. Snyder has become synonymous with integrity-a good beginning place if your wilderness poetics honor clean-running rivers the presence of pelican and osprey and gray whale in our lives salmon and trout in our streams unmuddied language and good dreams. From The Oxford Companion to Twentieth-century Poetry in English. Ed. Ian Hamilton. Oxford Oxford University Press, 1994. Copyright 1994 by Oxford University Press

Crime Scene Scenario Essay

At approximately 1300 on January 31, 2012, at that place was a call and officers were dispatched to 125 Redbird channel to investigate a home invasion. Upon arriving on the scene I was met by SGT Johansson to describe the scene as he saw it and the homeowners statements. He explained the homeowner, Cindy Pinsk told him she looked out her vivacious room window and saw a time-worn sedan pull up. She heard the doorbell ring. Since she was not expecting anyone, she did not answer the door. She heard glass suspension and ran out the rachis door to a neighbors house, where she called 9-1-1.She saw broken glass on the carpet in the entry hallway and saw where the door had been pried plainspoken with some sort of tool. Pinsk told Johansson her apple computer, a pair of diamond earrings, a sapphire ring, and three credit cards are mis smatter. He talked to a neighbor, Steve Moyer, who told him he saw a steel gray Dodge Charger in scarer of Pinsks house. A handicap tag was suspension from the rear-view mirror. The driver was a black man with a green knit cap. The passenger was a large white man about 20 25 years old.He has a chinstrap beard and was wearing dark clothes. After listening to the starting on call officers report, I looked around the front yard to see if any evidence was dropped during or aft(prenominal) the home invasion. At first inspection of the front yard, you could see what appeared to be footprints in the mud imputable to the rain the previous night. Pictures with measuring markers were interpreted to show the position of the questioned impression, and castings (using Class I dental stone) were taken of the shoe impression to later compare to the suspects.Next I went into the house to look around and upon first entering the domain you could see where it appears that a tool of some kind had been used to pry open the door. Pictures with measuring markers were taken to show the position of the tool mark and for comparison. Liquid silicone wa s utilized to illuminate an impression of the tools used on the door. During taking the impressions, I could see the smallest bit of blue fiber hanging from a piece of wood on the door frame.I removed the fiber tapping the sticky brass of a post-it to the fiber. I then folded the post-it, labeled it and situated in an manila envelop for evidence. Walking a little further into the domain, you could see what caused the sound of glass breaking, a vase that appeared to be knocked over during the home invasion. The living room was in disarray with couch cushions taken out of the couch, papers on the floor and breeches pulled out of desk. On the desk was a smudge of a latent partial print that I retrieved sing black powder and sticky tape. As the victim stated in her report to the officers, I went up to the bedroom to discover the missing jewelry from the jewelry box. Once once more latent fingerprints were found on the desk where the Apple computer and jewelry were taken, so again pr ints were taken off the desk with black powder and placed on sticky tape for evidence. After thorough investigation of the house, I exited the domain to head back to the lab.The first test that was done upon reporting back to the lab was an AFIS search for whose fingerprints were at the scene. When ran through AFIS, there was a match to a white male subject matching the description from the neighbors statement, behind Kratz. butt Kratz was brought in wearing a blue hooded sweat shirt, matching the color of the fiber found at the scene, and muddy jeans. Fibers were taken from his sweat shirt for later comparison to the fiber from the Pinsks house.When questioned on his whereabouts that afternoon. He exclaimed that he was at McDonalds on his lunch break. Due to his inability to produce a stunner to corroborate his story, he was held for further questioning. Next, tool marking were carefully examined and based on the initial question of the pictures (the size and shape of the impre ssions) molds and striation marks compared with a comparison microscope determined that the tool that was used in the home invasion was that of a screwdriver.Fibers were then removed from the post-it using rubber tweezers and placed on a comparison microscope for a microscopic comparison for color and diameter to the fiber from the scene and that of John Kratz. query found the fiber to be cotton, a natural fiber and matching the fiber to John Kratz. When questioned again on his whereabouts that afternoon, with the help of the evidence that was already found, he finally broke and explained what happened and who was involved.Rick Rukus Thompson was allegedly with John Kratz was brought in for questioning. During the questioning Rick denied ever being at the Pinsks house saying he was at home sick. Along with John, Rick also had no one to corroborate his story. Shoe impressions were taken from both suspects and compared to those found at the scene. The shoe impression was that of Rick . With all evidence putting both at the Pinsks house, John Kratz and Rick Rukus Thompson both were charged.

Although continued industrial development is important and Essay

Although continued industrial development is important and inevitable,companies must take manage of the environment in the process - Essay ExampleEnvironment protection is the method of preserving the inherent environment regarding the interests of the stakeholders, including customers, employees, political sympathies and the other influencing bodies with utmost priority. It has often been argued in this regard that the pressure of over-population (allegedly encouraged by business heavens ontogeny within a given region) and endless industrial development acts as the main determinants of environmental degradation (Tamazian and Rao 4-6). Subsequently, such external pressures in terms of the social responsibilities of the corporate bodies set out recently been motivation them to go greener by lessening their rate of environmental degradation and at the same time, ensuring continuous growth to meet the customer demand to achieve economic development. Hence, a two way prolonged c ome up has to be followed in parallel by companies in the modern era. By following steps want switching from non-renewable sources of energy to renewable sources, targeting cleaner and hygienic production procedures, reusing wastes and implementing strategies that focus on environment golden product designing, an organization can easily maintain the sustainable growth (Koh, Ghazoul, Butler, Laurance, Sodhi, Mateo-Vega and Bradshaw 67-71). THESIS STATEMENT As can be observed from the above discussion, companies argon certainly witnessing pressure to consider environmental sustainability with or so equal and even at times with more importance than their profitability concerns, in the advent of continuous industrial development. This thesis will correspondingly, aim at assessing the need for taking environmental cathexis measures by companies and the associated challenges, by synthesizing on the argument that Although continued industrial development is important and inevitable, co mpanies must take care of the environment in the process. NEED FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CARE FOR COMPANIES IN CONTINUED INDUSTRIAL in takeation The series of debates emphasizing industrial development implications on the natural environment in the forms of deforestation, climate transplant as well as air and water pollution has apparently contributed to the need for environmental care within the modern organizations (Esty & Winston 7-12). From a generalized point of view, it has been argued in the recent era that as a consequence of industrial development at a rapid and a continuous rate, need for resources among companies have also increased manifolds. In order to suffice this growing need for resources, especially energy resources and natural ingredients, companies have been sourcing large amounts of these assets from the environment. Such extractions have further resulted in various environmental challenges, majorly attributed in the form of climate change, unsustainable minimization of natural resources and imbalances in the biological cycle on earth (Esty & Winston 35-40). For instance, Geist and Lambin argues that the major immediate causes of environmental degradation through deforestation as a consequence of industrial development are unplanned agricultural expansion, irresponsible wood extraction and infrastructural expansion through building roadways and city areas in support of urbanization as observable in Africa, Asia and Latin America (5-15). Subsequently, these risk factors have been inhibiting the constancy of the