Why a BSN is the future over ADN Essay Example for Free

Why a BSN is the future over ADN EssayAssociate - breaker point Versus the Baccalaureate degree level in nursing My theory is that the more(prenominal)(prenominal) education a nurse has the better he/she can be at their excogitate of taking care of patient as a intact and on a complex level. To obtain a Nursing Degree one can start at the LVN or go all the mode to a PHD in nursing. This news report will focus on the abilities or competencies of a prepared Associate Degree nurse, and the abilities or competencies of a Baccalaureate Degree Nurse. This is a hot topic now and has been for many forms. I have been hearing for many years that ADN will be phased unwrap, and only BSN will be used in the future. The time period in which to mandate this event is governed differently by the state where the nurse works. There are catchy phrases out there like BNS in 10, or BSN by 2020. As of 2010, at least 18 states, including New York, New Jersey, were considering BSN in 10 legisla tion. (nursing link 2011, 07.) The starting signal step is to define nursing.Nursing is the knowledge found discipline, which focuses on the wholeness of human being. The ADN nurse and BSN take a different approach in tenet their students. They both take the same state mandated NCLEX, but have a different time of training. The Associated Degree takes a shorter path of two years where the BSN takes a longer with 4 years of education to complete the degree. Now to break this down and let you know the difference of a 2 and 4 year nursing program. The Associate trained nurse is more task oriented, while the BSN is based on theory and research. I having a diploma hospital based program spent 4 or more days in the hospital setting, but my wife has her BSN and she tells me she usually only spent 1 or 1.5 days at the hospital. I see this now also, where I work we see the Associate nurses more than the BSN students. The clinical experience is only part of what a BSN is exposed to.You will receive crucial training in key areas like communication, leadership and critical thinking enhanced knowledge that will conk ever more valuable in the complex and changing future of health caredelivery.(NY Times 2012,06). In short a nurse that takes the trim time of going to a BSN is better educated to take care of their patients special and unique postulate. Can provide a high level of care and uses the tool of critical thinking as part of their treatment process. The arguments of BSN over Associate diploma will be supported with the pursual examples. The experience of College of Nursing provided examples and has linked it to better outcomes for patients, and is pressing for a higher educated nursing specialty. In the October issue of medical Care, researchers from the University of Pennsylvania found that surgical patients in Magnet hospitals had 14% lower odds of inpatient death within 30 days and 12 % lower odds of failure to-rescue compared with patients cared for in non- Magnet Hospitals. (aacn. 2012.10).This research is reflective of Magnet hospitals have a higher proportion of BSN. The push for higher education in nursing work force had shown to be beneficial.In its October 2010 report The Future of Nursing, the Institute of Medicine states and increase in the percentage of nurses with a BSN is imperative as the scope of what the public holds from nurses grows, expectation of surrounding quality heighten, and settings where nurses are needed proliferates and become more complex. Institute of Medicine 2010). This means that the population is getting sicker, living longer, becoming more complex to treat, and are in need of higher educated nurses. Knowledge of basic nursing skill in is not enough to get by on you need a higher level of education. According to the IOM Institute of Medicine, core competencies for todays nurse include Leadership, Healthy policy, System improvement, research and evidence-based practice, Teamwork and collaboratio n, Competency in specific content areas such as community and public health and geriatrics, and Technological knowledge. (nursing link 2011, 07.) This means that nursing educational need are an ongoing process to meet the special needs of our complex, elderly, and sick patients. An advantage that a BSN will have over an Associate nurse is job opportunity.In the world of professional nursing BSN are chosen before, and is close to case required to be in management position. Also it opens the door for come along education such as but not limited to Certified Registered Nurse Anesthesia, Nurse Practitioner, and the list goes on, but these are my hot buttons. To conclude this paper it is imperative to pursue a BSN degree. It helps provide a higher level of careto the population needs. Patient outcome has been proven to be improved. At some point a BSN is probably going to be mandated any way. The information here strongly supports the need for a BSN education. The oppurinity is out the re. However one pursues a higher education on line, or in the classroom lets up the bar to give our population the highest level of care they deserve.ReferencesFink, J. (2011, 07 11). 6 reasons to get a BSN. Retrieved from nursinglink.monster.com/education/articles/3542-6-reasons-to-get-a-bsn?print+=true.Marybabu. (2012, 02). Bsn vs Associate Degree in Nursing. Retrieved from studymode.com/essays/Bsn-Vs-Associate-Degree-In-Nursing .Medicine, I. o. (2010). The Future of Nursing. Washington, DC National Academies Press.PREZ-PEA, R. (2012, 06 23). Why a BSN? The New York Times, pp. 1-2.Rosseter, R. (2012, 10 24). American Association of nursing Creating a More Highly Qualified Nursing Workforce. Retrieved from www.accn.nche.edu/media-relation/facts-sheets/nursing-workforce.Smoothieshah. (2012, 08 30). Difference between adn and bsn nurses. Retrieved from studymode.com/essy/Differences-between-adn-and-bsn.

Dynamics Of Globalization Essay Example for Free

Dynamics Of Globalization EssayTwo themes emerge from Robert D. Kaplans The Coming Anarchy. The first is civilization and de-civilization against all odds. The second is Africa, an example of the group countries that argon left behind by civilization. These two themes willing be discussed in this essay. The movie Girl in the Cafe is a perfect illustration of what is happening in Africa. The movie took place at a time where virtually countries have attained a high level of civilization.They have technologies, cultural developments and modern values and concerns. It took place at a time where globalization is at a high level that countries leaders meet together to decide the fate of the world. Amidst all their issues stood one issue that non all countries find to be a prioritythe condition in Africa and the fate of its people amidst the poverty and difficulties being experienced in the country. It is sad to say that when globalization began to suck place, not all countries we re able to follow.In fact, even at present, some countries are too attuned to being globalized, but most countries are still struggling with the thought and imagining themselves being globalized and enjoying the benefits that are claimed to come together with globalization. Some countries re principal(prenominal) behind their countries boundaries by choice, but adult maley remains behind by sheer softness to cope with world developments. Unfortunately, the so-called gap between the rich and poor manifests not only among individuals, but also among countries.Unfortunately, these poor countries are the ones always plagued with issues and hindrances that draw off it more difficult for them to globalize. Unfortunately, these poor countries are always left behind. It may be asked, how did globalization come about? Globalization may be a need as many people say. In my opinion, globalization is a product of civilization. The world began kept with boundaries. People in the past have moderate view of the word. thither is an international anarchy, not in the sense that there is chaos and disorder, but in the sense that there is no central regimen that governs the whole world.Governments are small and order is limited to very small communities. However, people began to explore and discover. They form larger governments and organize into states. Globalization is just a continuation of thisa manifestation of a search for a more advanced civilization. In fact, there were several claims in the past about the humans of an international government. Even at present, an international legal order is manifest, although loosely due to several conceptual and political hindrances such as sovereignty of states.However, it foundationnot be denied that countries are now forming weddings and organizations and building international institutions such as courts and tribunals to govern conduct. The inquiry is therefore clear. Will the world organize into a bigger union? The iron y in this question is that many countries such as Africa has not yet achieved the high level of civilization that many different countries have achieved. By not being highly civilized, I do not mean to say that they are savage, but only that they are left behind in terms in terms of political, economic and technological developments.Theirs are mostly a case of lawlessness and crime. Chaos and disorder prevails dues to poverty, disease and inadequate inwrought resources that are surviveing in the country. It is like being back during the period before the existence of social contracts where every man is a man for himself. The main concern is individual survival, not the advancement of civilization. These countries who were left behind have not made themselves as civilized and globalized as others countries have made themselves. How can they cope with the new world order that will be established in case civilization and globalization become more advanced? expiry back to the questio n, the articles answer seems to be no. The pattern that may be observed is not integration, but disintegration. Countries are beginning to disaffiliate from their respective unions and affiliations. The reasons are simple, resources are scarce and countries have to fight over these resources to survive. It is Africa in a larger scale. The thing that prevents countries like Africa from assimilating to a grand globalization scheme will prevent many countries from becoming more politically and socially advanced.Worse, it may cause their social and political system to deteriorate, bringing them back to a course of instruction where they have already trodden before. That path is a path towards pre-civilization. Anarchy may return. An era of lawlessness and crime may again plague the world. The world may revert to the period before civilization when there is no social contract. The world may go back to a period where it is every man for himself or every country for itself. The pillars of cooperation, which countries have so painstakingly erected may easily collapse in the middle of poverty, need and competition for scarce resources.This expectation may be exaggerated, but it may happen and what better way exists to show what may happen, but through an exaggeration. It is again a point of pastime at this point the situation in countries like Africa. While Africa and other countries are still struggling to achieve the level of civilization and globalization that exist in the world, other countries are already going through the process of de-globalization and de-civilization. Even in de-globalization and de-civilization, they seem to be unable to keep up.Or is it that other countries are the ones keeping up with them in terms of de-globalization and de-civilization? It is in times like this that one may realize why government and laws are important. There may be wrongs committed in the government and it may limit or even abuse individual rights. However, governments create order. In times of difficulties, governments take charge. Governments are necessary in the development of a healthy and orderly social and political system. impartiality controls people. It may cause evils, but it also controls evils. Law is essential in governance and civilization.

Protectionism: Advantages and Disadvantages

Protectionism Advantages and Dis wagessTrade protectionism is apply by countries when they believe their industries be being touched negatively by unjust competition. It whitethorn be seen as a defensive measure and it is almost ever so driven by political forces. It may turn successful, especially in the short run. In the long run, however it usually does the opposite of its intentions as it can make the field, and the industries it is trying to look after, non so competitive on the global marketplace. While scotch theory suggests, and economic history demonstrates, protectionisms counter productivity on a global scale, we tranquillize believe that economists adopt a responsibility to defy increasing protectionist pressures by more than just recitation liberate mountain benefits. The typical protectionist argues that the traditional case for free condescension is based on an everyplacesimplified model which is no longer applic subject to the real world. These charges are usually based on misconstructions or misinterpretations of the role of assumptions in economic theory. The fundamental illustrations of inter discipline trade theory are not necessary conditions for the theorys conclusions to have real world relevance.Protectionism is the governments actions and policies that restrict or restrain international trade, a great deal done with the purpose of protecting local businesses and jobs from foreign competition. Classic methods of protectionism are import tariffs, subsidies, quotas and direct state intervention. The fact that trade protection hurts the economy of the country that enforces it is one of the oldest but still most astonishing understandings economics has to offer. The idea dates back to the beginning of economic science itself, which gave birth to economics, contains the melodic phrase for free trade by specializing in fruit alternatively of producing everything, nations would profit from free trade. In international economics, i t is the direct opposite to the proposition that people within a national economy imparting all be better off if they specialize at what they do best instead of trying to be self-sufficient.Current debates and discussions well-nigh what kind of trade are good and about how open markets affects economy usually has hypothetical character, or distributes place due to the influence of interest groups or subjective reasoning. Recent global economic crisis has caused a big change in ideas and policies against free markets and in favour of government intervention. Regardless, the analysis of trade breeding allows making simple conclusions which is relevant in the current discussion countries adopting free trade policy prosper, while closing the markets leads to deficiency and economic slowdown. The main(prenominal) mastermind of this essay is to analyze if protectionism adopted by many countries, especially European countries can be a valid economic policy and if not, why so. It will look at the European Union and discuss the not so long ago fears of rising protectionism within the EU.Advantages of protectionismProtectionism marks an economic theory that emphasizes the minimisation of free trade between nations. There are currently a lot of nations that practice economic protectionism such countries believe that the manufacturing of goods should take place domestically, rather than in a global setting. Generally there are two main types of government control on international trade tariff and non-tariff. Previously, the main dispute between supporters and opponents of protectionism was focused on the discussion of arguments again and for exploitation tariff as an economic policy instrument. Non-tariff barriers became usual in the last eld and many of them are used by countries as an escape passage in free trade agreements, since WTO agreements have much weaker restraints on non-tariff protectionism than on tariff. The supporters of protectionism conformation their arguments on the following1) An advantage of protectionism is that it keeps the domestic economy rolling. Since there is a decrease in imports, domestic firms have less competition, and so are sufficient to continue. The domestic economy will also be strengthened because unemployment will be down due to the domestic firms and they will be able to pay off and look at more goods with a lot less unvoicedy, giving firms less reason to decrease its costs by decreasing its workforce. Those with jobs will continue to exact while allowing the economy to flow.2) Protectionism makes domestic firms less competitive in the export market, as import barriers raise domestic prices through higher costs for intermediate inputs this means that export products also become more expensive and decrease in market share against the international competition.4) Protectionism permits the new and upcoming firms to work and shoot at an acceptable rate, because they will not be pressured by foreig n, more experienced firms. The new firms can grow until they themselves are big enough to fence in international markets, encouraging positive features for the domestic economy in the future.5) Protectionism can also prevent dumping, this is where foreign and bigger economies enter an economy and sell their goods at a price degrade than the costs of production. Therefore, the consumers of that specific economy are spending more than the consumers in overseas areas.3) An exception in which protectionism could remedy a nations economic well-being is when a country has monopoly power over a good. Economists1have argued that a country that produces a large percentage of the worlds product of a good can use an optimum tariff to take advantage of its latent monopoly power, and thus gain more from trade. This is the same as stating that a monopolist will maximize profits by raising prices and reducing outputs.As stated before, many countries practice economic protectionism and it may h old some(prenominal) advantages over the separate notion of free trade.Disadvantages of protectionismTrade protectionism has more than a few disadvantages, the most noteworthy of which are the pressures it places on the very core principles of free trade. Further disadvantages are the protections it offers to firms that contest on a stage of price over quality, the incorrect sense of security that it builds and the denial of easy access to reliable products for consumers. At the core of protectionism are tariffs, duties, quotas and any other measures designed to restrict the import of foreign goods in interest of protecting domestic companies from foreign take overs. More disadvantages are as follows1) Consumers pay more with protectionism. Without a system of competitive pricing, domestic companies are free to raise their prices without raising the quality of their goods. When a business has no competition then the consumer is left without options.2) Businesses suffer from protec tionism too. Government support often builds corporate contentment, which could lead to a business to believe that it has a pleasant safety net set up behind it in the event of strong foreign competition as these businesses might not have the resources necessary to survive on their own.3) Trade protectionism limits consumer access to foreign goods and non-domestic companies that offer unique products and services are also subject to the restrictions.4) Foreign businesses and domestic consumers depend the greatest disadvantages of trade protectionism. Businesses face imbalanced restrictions while their domestic competitors are offered financial advantages, and the consumer ends up paying higher prices for a limited variety of products that are not always worth their costs.5) Protectionism can cause a retaliation response from other nations, ruining vital relationships between nations. a clear pillowcase of this would be the relationship between USA and China, when the US put bound aries on the Chinese tires , China retaliated by putting up barriers against different U.S. goods such as their chicken. This kind of hostility between nations decreases the specialization between two nations, eventually damaging the economy.Additionally to all of this, some governments provide subsidies and loans to businesses that are not able to compete against their foreign competitors. These actions restrain the free market by giving benefits to domestic companies while creating consequences upon foreign businesses. Some argue that trade protectionism is a ill-use towards anti-globalization because of these reasons.Where is protectionism most prominentThe U.S. has a long history as a protectionist country, with its tariffs reaching their highest in the 1820s and during the great depression. The countrys protectionist policies changed toward the middle of the 20th century. In 1947, they were one of the 23 nations to sign mutual trade agreements in the form of the general agreem ent on tariffs and trade. That agreement, modified in 1994, was substituted in 1995 by the world trade agreement in Geneva. Through WTO negotiations, most of the worlds chief employment nations have significantly reduced their customs tariffs. The mutual trade agreements normally bound protectionist measure instead of eradicating them completely, however, calls for protectionism are still heard when industries in different countries suffer from economic struggle or unemployment believed to be aggravated by foreign competition. Critics argue that, over the long term, protectionism often ends up hurting the people it is supposed to protect and often encourages free trade as a greater alternative to protectionism.another(prenominal) region that protectionism is becoming more popular is Europe. Recently the European commission drew attention to the increase in protectionist inclinations worldwide. It stated that 123 new trade restrictions had been implemented over the time span of 8 m onths (2012) this was an acceleration of 25% compared with the previous period studied. However the commissions own anticipated trade reforms, were ignored. These would push the EU itself towards make headway protectionism, they were seen to hamper with the global economy and hurt developing countries, according to an ODI2study.EU import likings for low income countries are focused around primary merchandises. Thats why they have lower tariffs for these goods. These encouragements have strengthened structural shortages towards extractive industries especially in sub Saharan Africa. The EU modifications have prevented these economies from expanding into value adding industries, hence slowing their development. Even though the proposals suggests using trade to improve development, there is little acknowledgement of the influence of the EUs Common Agricultural Policy3, which distorts trade and prevents development. The economic subsidy given to farmers alters world prices and the ex ternal tariffs punish foreign farmers selling products to the EU market. These interventions prevent many developing countries progressing through export-driven growth. In this context, the EUs moves towards further protectionist measure are a cause for turbid concern. The policies threaten to damage developing countries and reduce the efficiency of the global economic systemBased on economic theory, all elimination of trade barriers is beneficial to the world economy. Through increasing trade barriers, by tariff and non-tariff funds, domestic consumer costs increase, foreign exporters sales decrease and efficiency gains through comparative advantage4are prevented. These decisions are hence political. Arguable they have been put in place to prevent possible rivals from catching up with EU countries. The statement that the imports from the middle-income countries will be substituted by those from low-income countries seems doubtful.It is vital to distinguish between the cases for f ree trade for nations own benefit and the case for free trade for all nations. The first is an argument for free trade to improve one nations own well-being, also known as the national-efficiency argument. The other is an argument for free trade to improve every trading countrys welfare. Both of these cases assume that free markets determine prices and there are no market failures. However, the reality is that market failures can and do occur. Market failures can renegade from governmental action as well. Hence, governments may misrepresent market prices by subsidizing production, as European governments have notably done and as all flush(p) countries governments do in agriculture. Governments can also protect intellectual property unproductively, leading to underproduction of new knowledge they may also overprotect it. In those cases, production and trade, led by inaccurate prices, will not be effective.ConclusionThe history of trade development shows that protectionism and free trade policies were replaced to correspond to a trustworthy economic situation in the world. However, there has been apparent shift to open markets, decreased trade barriers and international cooperation among countries in the last few decades. With all of this said, the daze of recent economic slowdown pushed many countries to stray from free trade agreements in order to support domestic economies and employment. As a result, what we are comprehend today is protectionism which is not an upfront declaration of a trade war using tariffs rather it is protectionism with non-tariff weapons. These metaphorical weapons are used mainly by develop countries especially by many European countries. Demands for labour and domestic market protection stand as a problem for European leaders. They run against EU rules that guarantee the free flow of goods, services and workers.There are two sides of using protective policy, but it is clear that the disadvantages of such policies will almost alw ays prevail over its advantages. Economists stress more on the threats rather than the benefits of protectionism, and claim that it is not a solution for problems in the long run. For European and other countries it is super desirable to find ways to increase employment and reduce the impact of the crisis, but using any sort of protection would have very little short run benefits. It would also result in reduced worldwide employment very quickly and make growth prospects much more difficult when recovery does come. It is not even a case of when one country benefits at the expense of another. Such moves might bring upon a chain reaction of protectionism that makes the economic slowdown even worse. One countrys protection will not just hurt partner-country exports. Sooner or later, the formers exports will be affected as well. Therefore Europe should avoid adopting protective measures separately, as free trade is seen to be the only solution to crisis by stimulating future growth and creating jobs in the future.

Millennial Generation

Millennial GenerationChapter 1 Introduction1.1 Overview The current world that we run now is organism strongly influenced by the high gear technology waves. This kind of waves argon altering our operations in telephone circuit sectors like finance, economic, accounting and as well as indemnification. meshing and its connectivity be increasingly authorised as the role of connecting slew all over the world in the most cheapest and might way. It is now become a necessary in all the peoples lives. According to the look into, on that point are round 9.3 million people in Malaysia age 15 and above employ cyberspace at home or work locations, each of them consuming average of 1,066 pages of content and spending 14 hours online in June, 2009 (Comscore,2009). Internet is a new distribution channel for origines to market and promote their products and operate in put together to increase their revenues, profitability and customers loyalty. For success full enter and adapt in the new evolution of technology and electronic, businesses had change their operation structures into technology-intensive ground. Some businesses from shops to financial institutions even changed most of their products and utilitys into E-based products or divine work.Generation Y besides fecal matter be know as Millennial Generation. From its name, it obviously stated that this generation closely related to high technology and digital electronics. This generation by and large owned computer and go through higher education. They frequently utilise high-technology products and proceedss and they willing to be the innovator for using new E-product. Generation Y is an authoritative factor towards the future increment in E-based go and products. on that pointfore, most businesses will focus their customer target on generation Y in the feeler years. We are now entering into new phase of technology and electronics. With trimness of electronics technology many a(prenominal) electronic tools and gadgets behave become increasingly personal and portable. It stools people burn surf net whenever and wherever they are. The conveniences of communication and ne 2rking have stimulated the growth of E-commerce. E-commerce cannister be translated as any form of businesses that using information technology for transaction. In order to stay ahead in millennium age, most of the companies used E-commerce regardless of business to business (B2B) or business to customer (B2C) or even customer to customer (C2C) (Ahonen, 2004). Services sector like banking also promote meshing banking or online banking to facilitate their efficiency in the banking transaction. Online banking can reduce most unnecessarily procedures and provides convenience to customers. nonwithstanding damages industry has been lagging behind separates operate industries in adapting new technology era. In addition, there are many researches done for investigating the factors that affect adopt ion of internet among antithetic sectors in Malaysia (Stevens, 2002 Soliman, 2003 Wirtz, 2001 Coltman, 2001), but empirical data for e- damages was limited repayable to amends industry has been slow respond to e-commerce compared to different financial services (Esters, 1997). indemnity institutions have the form competition with banking and financial institutions. It is the great cartridge holder for insurance policy companies to utilize the convenience of communications and networking in establishing direct interface with customers. E-insurance is broadly defined as distribution of insurance services through information technology. The direct channel can eliminates the intermediaries, provides more efficiency, lower cost and more rank added to the customers. Other than online buys, E-insurance can offer varied types of services like online payments, register cl contracts, refreshen claims and renew insurance policy. Besides that, e-insurance also can reduce the level of management hierarchy and internal administration cost by automating all the business processes. There are some limitations of the regulatory for fully applied the e-commerce in certain countries. However, the insurance legislation world wide has been continuously updated and modified to follow up e-insurance metrics (Ahonen, 2007). This study examines the lore and expectation of generation Y towards E-insurance. It discusses about the existing e-commerce applied in insurance industry and the expectation of generation Y on the improvement in E-insurance in the future. The new high technology and electronic era started, it links the generation Y and the insurance industry together. It is in-chief(postnominal) to examine the relationship mingled with generation Y and E-insurance. Generation Y act as knowledgeable customers, they are pursuing simple, convenient, fast and efficiency services at lower prices. Therefore, it is the engage for insurance companies to introduce E-insuran ce that satisfied the customers lease.1.2 Statement of problem E-commerce had widespread all over the various business from education to palpable estate sector. It will continue to grow up unabatedly because information is now the lifeblood of successful business. The importance of e-commerce can be seen from the Ninth Malayan Plan (2006-2010) Malaysian Government has allocated RM 12.9 billion for developing e-commerce. According to the survey manageed by Nielsen Company (2007), there are 70% of internet users in Malaysia purchased online at some show in past. So there are many potential opportunities in e-commerce nowadays. Internet and electronic communication enables companies exchange or transfer their information to the other part of the worlds without boundaries. E-commerce also provides a new distribution channel for businesses to deliver their products or services to customers more efficiency and fast. Meanwhile, companies can connect their customers worldwide in real t ime. It can establish long term relationship with their customers. Since there are many advantages in adopting e-commerce, yet, non all businesses can successfully fully applied e-commerce especially insurance industry. damages industry has been lagging behind in the adoption of e-commerce. There are some barriers on adoption of e-commerce in insurance industry. in all the business sectors included financial services sectors have been revolved to new e-commerce era because of the domino effect of globalization and easiness close to the world since 1990s (Piercy, 1999). New entrants of e-retailers of financial services sectors lead to intense competition among financial services providers. There is a need to improve service quality of their service in order to survive in the global market place. Yet, consumers are less likely to purchase online than expected in disdain of the huge investments in online banking (Sarel Marmorstein, 2003 Wang, 2003). Better infrastanding of fact ors that affect customers acceptance on using internet banking is prerequisite of obtaining success in conducting e-commerce. However, lack of research on perception of consumers toward e-insurance in Malaysia. Another important issue is consumers feel unreliable towards security and privacy of e-commerce website (Jrvinen, 2001). amends policy requires exchanges of huge amounts information between the parties. electronic exchange data or information that needed in insurance policy is an ideal way because Internet enables transfer data over worldwide. Yet the completely concern is the private confidential of the data when it is being transfer through internet or any other electronic method. Because of the anonymous personality in internet, insured unable to ensure the data is transferred to the right person. In electronic environment, there is no guarantee of the data or information that being transferred is sealed and did not review by others. In addition, electronic exchange dat a can cause security problems like customer database may be hacked by someone who has negative intention. Furthermore, electronic documents without personal sig geniuss are easily being pirated. According to Forrester research 2001, the main reason (59%) of young consumers not purchase online is concern about the use of credit cards online and the second reason (47%) is concern about the privacy of the data they sent out to website. Besides, about 75% of US consumers of the Boston Consulting Groups survey are concerned about the horizontal surface of security and privacy provided in electronic environment (Goldman, 2001). There is a need for insurance companies to solve this problem by review other banks in gaining consumers trust towards online services (Mattila, 2003).In Malaysia, government had encouraged the development of E-insurance since January 2005. Persatuan Insurans Am Malaysia (PIAM) released the word of motorists will be the main beneficiary of the JPJs e-Insurance P roject with effect from 1st January 2005. On 5th October 2004, Minister of Transport was launched an IT-based service with the full support of the JPJ, full general insurers and takaful operators. The e-Insurance enables insurance companies to enter their policyholders motor insurance details and transmit them electronically to JPJs computer database for processing. With full implementation of e-Insurance, it minimizes the problems like long queues at the JPJ counters, shortening delay times at the JPJ counters, reducing the need for repetitive capture of data will also ensure accuracy and consistency of data in JPJs database and eliminating somatogenic motor cover notes will help resolve the problems of forged cover notes as well as reduce document inventory (PIAM, 2005). E-insurance has brought to us many benefits but it still uncommon in Malaysia. E-commerce has brought a lot of questions. Is insurance industry suitable to apply e-commerce? How E-insurance ensured security and privacy of insureds information and data? What are the expectations of generation Y towards future E-insurance? How generation Y perceived adoption of E-insurance? Is adoption e-commerce an advantage or disadvantage for insurance industry? This study wants to machinate up the veil of E-insurance.1.3 Research objectiveThe general objective of my study is to investigate the perception of generation Y towards E-insurance. The other objectives are1.) To study ken and expectation of generation Y towards E-insurance.From this study, we want to know the high education generation Y perceived E-insurance. E-insurance is important for insurance industry in mistreat out the first step of pursuing low cost customer services. Generation Y are their priority target of E-insurances product because generation Y have much of knowledge in computer. Generation Y treated as the future talented human capital of a country. They are high education and expertise in using computer. Therefore, their exp ectations and future requirements about E-insurance are important success factors of insurance industry.2.) To examine the adoption of e-insurance in MalaysiaE-insurance has not fully implemented in Malaysia. It is crucial to examine the current accompaniment of adoption on e-insurance in Malaysia.3.) To investigate the factors that can influence the perception of generation Y towards E-insurance and the adoption of e-insuranceTo establish long term relationship with customers, it is critical to investigate all the possible factors that may affect the views of the potential customers towards E-insurance. A good service is able to satisfy all the customers need.1.4 Significance of study Insurance is essential for everyone. It provides a sense of security and peace of mind to us. It also provides financial perceptual constancy to individual and businesses if insured risk occurs such as flooding, fires, accident or ill health. Insurance is a major component of financial sector. Nowad ays, the adoption of e-commerce in financial sector has become obvious. Yet, the insurance sectors are lagging behind. This is mainly imputable to the complicated transaction involved in insurance industry. This study is aim to investigate the perception and expectation on generation Y on electronic insurance services as well as their willingness to accept E-insurance. Insurance industry in Malaysia have not fully implement e-insurance yet. Most of the consumers feel uncertainty towards this new e-commerce and some even do not conscious(predicate) about this. We are able to know the tier of awareness of generation Y towards e-insurance from the research. Generation Y are potential customers for e-insurance, their awareness of e-insurance is important to the development on insurance industry. According to previous research, it also showed that younger and high educated males with high level of income have higher probability to use internet banking services (Devlin Yeung, 2003). E- insurance also can be categorised as one kind of internet banking services, so perception of younger internet users towards e-insurance is important. The effect of liberalization and globalization around the world influenced the business sectors in Malaysia significantly. Liberalization allowed business transactions can be conducted cross over the boundaries of countries freely. E-commerce should be developed in Malaysia in order to gain the global competitiveness. Compared to other developing countries, Malaysia is lagging behind. In order to compete with other countries, Malaysia government need to support placement in adapting the changes in term of technological. E-commerce provides a new distribution channel for products and services which able to help companies deliver their products and services to customers efficiently all around the world. Although e-commerce provides many competitive advantages for business sector, however, insurance industry in Malaysia still have not im plement the electronic insurance completely. It is necessary for government to hand over effective strategy for establishing e-insurance in Malaysia. The antecedent of effective strategy is to obtain a pass off understanding of perception of customer towards e-insurance. This study benefits government in term of more understand the customers need towards e-insurance, so government and business sector can complement with each other for establishing e-insurance in Malaysia successfully.Service itself is considered as interactive process whereby customers involved in the production process. Insurance is one kind of this service. Since insurance is an interactive process, customers viewpoint on the new electronic insurance must be paid with full attention. This study focuses on generation Ys response on the development of new electronic insurance because most internet users are generation Y now. With the generation Ys future wishes for electronic insurance, a user friendly and suitabl e E-insurance concept can be developed. This study also benefits insurance companies in developing the electronic insurance service which can satisfy customers need. A well-developed e-insurance service can meet customers requirement and increase their satisfaction. The look sharp of adoption on e-insurance in Malaysia will be change.Society also benefited from the study because adoption in e-insurance enables them to access the insurance services through internet whenever and wherever they are. The success of establish e-insurance in Malaysia will bring many advantages to customers. E-insurance provides longer operation time, convenience, less transaction cost needed, and less processing time to customers. E-service has changed the way of people organize their lives. It enables people to make comparisons among the products or services through internet. The study also examines the customers concern towards security and privacy of e-insurance. Hence, after consummate the study, th e security and privacy of e-insurance systems can be enhanced according to the concern of society. This study investigate the relationship between generation Y and E-insurance and their expectation and perception on E-insurance in order to better establish a new era electronic insurance and to maintain long term relationship with customers.1.5 agreement of study In chapter 1, the research begins with brief introduction to the topic perception and expectation of generation Y towards E-insurance. In the introduction, it briefly explained the term of e-insurance and generation Y and the relationship between them. After we have some basic ideas about the topic, problem statements of the study developed. The issues of e-insurance were addressed in the study. Objectives of the study are stated mountain and followed by explaining significant of study.Chapter 2 Literature review2.1 Services and Goods Goods can be defined as forcible products that being produced and sold to the market (Wi nsor, Sheth Manolis, 2004). In addition, goods also considered as something physical and tangible in nature that customers can feel, smell, taste or hear it prior purchase or make expenditure (Rathmell, 1966 Shostack, 1977 Zeithaml, 1985). On the other hands, services are totally opposite to the characteristics of goods. Services normally are classified under intangible characteristics which cannot be touched, smelled, tasted, hear by customer before purchase and make consumption. Furthermore, services also can be classified as a product, a process involves of many activities and can be produced and consumed at the same time, and to some extent customers may participate in the service production process (Grnroos, 2000). One of the researchers defines service as something can be bought and sold but which you cannot drop on your feet, this definition points out intangible characteristics of service (Gummesson, 1987). Besides that, service also defines as an act that offered by other party (Lovelock and Wright, 2002). There are four main attributes that help in distinguishing between goods and services namely, tangible or intangible (the degree of physical feature), separability or inseparability (the degree of linkage between the product or service and providers and customers), variability or invariability (the degree consistency of the products or services attributes) and perishability (the degree of capacity for being stocked) (Berry, 1980 Fisk, 1993 Gronroos, 1998 Kotler, 1994 Shostack, 1977 Zeithaml, 1985). From the four main attributes, it clearly states that the things that classified as services only when it fulfilled the four main characteristics of intangibility, inseparability, variability and perishability. For example, haircloth sawed-off service, it does not provide any tangible product to its customer but only intangible service, throughout the hair cut service, it need participation of customer, the hair cut services are inconsistency in quali ty and it cannot be stocked. Furthermore, among the four attributes of differentiating the goods and services, the intangible characteristic is the best definitive for services (Bateson, 1977 Bebko, 2000 Berry, 1980 Levitt, 1981 McDougall Snetsinger, 1990). Various definitions that used to define services stated above are prefers to include the intangibility features into the statements. Hence, intangibility characteristic of service is the most representative attribute for services in order to distinguish goods and services. However, the tangibility feature is becoming less useful and less definitive for distinguishing between goods and services in digital environment (Rust Oliver, 1999). This is due to digitized goods are consists of both tangible and intangible characteristics. For examples, online purchase DVD is intangible in nature because customers cannot touch or feel the product before the unfeigned tangible product received. The development of electronic environment has blurred the clear distinction between goods and services by using intangibility attributes. In order to fill up the inadequacy of tangibility criterion, another framework which used four types of utilities to differentiate goods and services has been developed (Winsor, Sheth Manolis, 2004). The four types of utilities are time, place, form and possession. All retailers will provide time and place utilities to customers, the only differences can be make between goods and services is in term of form and possession (Rathmell, 1966 Hsieh Chu, 1992). visible goods will only contributing little form utility for customers compared to service whereas the permanent of transfer of possession utility only completed when customers are purchased physical products rather than services (Clemes, 2000). According to this framework, insurance is classified as hybrid retailing or a mixture of goods and services because it provides a moderate degree of form and possession utilities.2.2 E-serviceThe new era of e-service has begun since the development of internet being introduced in 1994 (Ahonen, 2004). There are three phases of internet according to the previous research (Kalakota Robinson, 2001). The beginning phase (1994-1997) is home pages and website of every company available. The following phase (1997-2000) is taking part into e-commerce in business. The last phase (2000-) which factor the current situation is to satisfy online consumers and try to take advantages of internet. However, the development of e-service of our country is lagging behind when compared to other foreign country.Although many researchers have defined e-service before, but there is no an exceptional definition for e-service. E-service can be known as a service that conducts through electronic method such as internet (Rust Kannan, 2002). There is a difference between technology based service and e-service concept, the latter concept need to be carried out through online method whereas technology based services can be an ATM service. Both of the concepts are benefited from development of information technology (Jrvinen Lehtinen, 2003). In an electronic environment, the service concept is important because the nature of the services is abstract and where the relationships between partners and customers are virtual (Grnroos, 2000). Since electronic insurance services are perceived as complex and difficult to use, therefore clear and well defined service concept should be emphasized (Jrvinen 2001 Ahonen Salonen 2005).There are four chosen characteristics, namely, intangibility, process nature, inseparability and interaction that used to test some selected e-services in previous research (Jrvinen Lehtinen, 2004). All e-services are intangibility in nature and remain intangibility if the consumers only search for information of particular product or service through online. There are only few services consists purely intangible characteristic. For example, previous studies sta ted that even financial services also aided tangible by their documents like loan agreement (Jrvinen Lehtinen, 2004). The characteristics of process nature also universal for all studied e-services which means that the customers need to be follow the specific procedures in order to get the services. Inseparability and interaction characteristics are deviated among different e-services (Jrvinen Lehtinen, 2004). Some characteristics of services in electronic environment have to be considered in order to shift the service concept to (Ahonen, 2004). For e-service, it seldom needs personal interaction when compared to telephone based services (Lovelock, 2002). However, the argument is human factor plays an important role in service recovery when technical problems happened (Jrvinen Lehtinen, 2004).In addition, E-services can bring considerable profit for companies if they able to manage the e-service effectively. However, not all the products and services are suitable for online tradi ng because internet as a marketing channel only able to realistically fulfill two out of five senses of customers which are sight and sound. Therefore, only products and services that fully utilize the two senses are suitable to sell online for example, CD (Stern, 1995). According to other researcher, Peterson (1997) suggested that the suitability of the products and services to be sold online based on three dimensions(1) cost outlay and oftenness of purchase(2) value proposition(3) degree of preeminenceBased on the study, products and services that have low cost, high frequency in purchase, intangible value proposition and high degree of differentiation are more suitable to market through internet (Phau Poon, 2000). Is insurance suitable to sell online? Regarding to the three dimensions above, insurance has fulfilled two dimensions which are intangible value proposition and high degree of differentiation because insurance is considered as a customization service. Hence, insuranc e is considered suitable for marketing through internet. For successfully implement e-service, it not only depends of the suitability of the products and services but also depends on the customers perception towards e-service. Based on previous studies, the overall satisfaction of customer towards e-service can be improved through various factors which included convenience, saving time and money, ease of use, financial security and web site designed to be fun (Szymanski Hise, 2000 Meuter, 2000). Customers satisfaction is important determinant of successful e-service (Parasuraman Grewal, 2000). In order to successfully implement e-insurance in Malaysia, those factors also included in this study to determine adoption of e-insurance.2.3 InsuranceInsurance is defined as the evenhanded transfer of the risk of a potential loss, from one entity to another, in exchange for a premium and duty of care (Wikipedia, 2005). insurance underwriter is the company that sells the insurance, and the insured is the party who buy the insurance. Insurance rate is the amount charged for a certain value of insurance. Insurance sold to consumers directly is known as direct insurance (Skipper, 1998). Meanwhile, direct insurance also can be defined as a service with particular terms and conditions agree in an insurance policy. On the other hands, one of the researchers stated that part of the insurance service is to maintain a long term relationship between customers and insurance company rather than only holding legal responsibility with customers (Jrvinen, 1996).Intangibility, inseparability, perishability, heterogeneousness and lack of ownership are characteristics of services (Cowell 1988 Zeithaml Bitner 1996). However, all these characteristics do not followed by insurance service. The tangibility of insurance services achieves through a physical paper of an insurance policy including a promise to pay hire if a certain unforeseen event takes place. The insurance policy symboli zes the only evidence of that promise until losses occur (Majaro, 1982 1985). In fact, no policyholder would prefer to have any losses, and thus we can conclude that consumers only purchase merely security or protection for their safety instead of compensation of losses. So, as a result it is in force to cause consumers consume insurance whole period that is a continuous consumption, but production is cross-sectional and dependent of the interaction of the consumer and the insurance company. Therefore, insurance service only partially fulfilled the characteristic of inseparability.One of the unique natures of each service is heterogeneity on its part. There are various alternatives of insurance for consumers to choose which insurance policy is suitable for them but the terms and cover of most of the insurance is standardized (Jrvinen, 1998). In case of e-insurance, the heterogeneity part of the personal service forms the only unique part of insurance is eliminated. The back-office r esources in insurance that used to balance the capacity can avoid perishability. As a result, large part of activities in E-insurance can be carried out without consumers existence and participation. Lastly, as regards to ownership, insurance holders actually own the partial ownership of the service because they reserve the right for claims settlements that will be paid from the reserves in the balance sheet of an insurance company by paying premium (Jrvinen, 2000). This means that insured consumers own their part of reserves, and that principle is based in Insurance Act. Consequently, we can conclude that the insurance service is quite specific from other services because it only fulfilled partially of the common service characteristics. One of the financial services is insurance, it seems to have different user frequency when compared to other bank services (Jrvinen, 2003). Specifically, consumers may have bank transactions weekly, but in case of insurance issues, such as risk ana lysis and insurance cover or claims applications, occur quite infrequently and with low frequency (Ahjos, 1999). Hence, there may be only one occurrence within few years, and that is premium payment. Thus, insurance deviates from bank services and in the case of Internet which means that consumers may never get used to e-insurance, because their actions are needed too rarely. Low frequency and infrequency may also be reasons that obstruct the consumers engagement, which may become the crucial point in developing e-insurance. Generally, insurance services is quite different from others banking services. Insurance companies have to take care of every step in implementing e-insurance successfully. This study is tries to unveil the mystery of insurance services in Malaysia.2.4 Insurance in Malaysia The beginning of insurance launched in Malaysia can be traced to 18th and 19th centuries which transformed from the agency houses that acted as representative of insurance companies in United Kingdom. Hence, the insurance industry has been strongly influenced by the British insurance system and continued until today. At that time, almost all the insurance companies were established by foreign insurer. interior(prenominal) insurance companies were only being introduced in Malaysia after Independence Day. However, domestic insurance companies have faced failure and wound up due to misfortunate technical and sound operation in the early 1960. To solve this problem, Malaysian government enacted insurance Act 1963 to regulate insurance industry which functioning under Ministry of Finance. The Insurance Act 1996 has replaced the Insurance Act 1963 on 1st January 1997 in order to supervise and regulate insurance industry more effectively (Ahmad Sungip, 2008). Basically, there are three types of insurance industry in Malaysia which included life insurance industry, general insurance industry and Takaful insurance industry (Aini Tee, 2003). Life insurance is insurance policy that covers variety of contingencies event occurred on human life whereas general insurance is all types of insurance policy except for life insurance. On the other hands, Takaful is insurance which based on Islamic principles (EconomicWatch, 2009). There are five main statutory insurance experiences in Malaysia namely, Persatuan Insuran Am Malaysia (PIAM), Life Insurance Association of Malaysia (LIAM), Persatuan Insuran Kebangsaan Malaysia (NIAM), Insurance Brokers Association of Malaysia (IBAM) and Association of Malaysian Loss Adjuster (AMLA) (PIAM, 2009). Each statutory insurance association has different function. PIAM is an association of general (non-life) insurers, LIAM is an association of life insurers, NIAM is represents locally incorporated insurer with more than 51% Malaysian equity, IBAM is an association of insurance brokers, AMLA is an association of insurance brokers. Insurance companies in Malaysia were only started to conduct e-commerce in 1999 which was much sl ower when compared to other developed countries. During that period, Bank Negara Malaysia has allowed some of the insurance companies to establish Malaysia first interactive insurance website which enabled insured can make online payment and renewal of motor vehicles insurance policy. Till April 2000, Bank Negara Malaysia allowed a full range of life, general an

Life Cycle of a Compact Disc (DC)

Life Cycle of a Compact Disc (DC)LIFE rhythm method of birth control ANALYSIS OF A COMPACT DISCCDs have become an essential item in everybodys life. Despite its simple structure, it allows you to listen hours of music, to watch films on a player as well as to store a huge amount of information. For all these reasons, CDs habit has increased in the last few years. Thats behavior a compact disc is an important matter of analysis in damage of life cycle and environmental footprint.In this essay Ill controvert the main points on the life cycle of this product from its creation to the final stage of its life.MATERIALS ACQUISITIONCDs atomic number 18 do of many different materials. The main of them are aluminum, polycarbonate, adorn, gold, dyes and some opposite materials such as water, glass, silver and nickel.Aluminum is the closely abundant metallic element in the Earths crust but the common aluminum is non economic sources of the metal. Thats why almost all metallic aluminum is produced from ore bauxite. Smelting of the ore occurs in different countries than the mining activity, so it involves its dit.Polycarbonate is a type of plastic which is made from pugnacious oil and natural gas extracted from the Earth. Lacquer is made of acrylic, another type of plastic. Gold is straight mined from the Earth. Dyes are chemics made in laboratory, partially from oil color products that come from the Earth.Mining is a key process at this point of the life cycle as it supposes the obtaining of the necessary raw materials that will make up the CD. All mining process involves the aim of machinery such as trucks and excavator. Those vehicles consume energy and release CO2 emission to the atmosphere.In this stage, proposing any improvement is rough as nowadays there is no other way of getting raw materials from Earths crust but by means of excavators.MATERIALS PROCESSINGMaterials acquisition is not the previous step to the manufacturing process. Most mined materia ls mustiness be processed before manufacturers can use them to make CDs.As I mentioned before, bauxite ore is processed into a substance called alumina by washing, crushing, dissolving, filtering, and harvesting the materials. Alumina is then turned into aluminum through a process called smelting. Then the metal is shaped, rolled, or made into a cast. Regarding this material process, it has to be taken into account the fact that larger deposits of bauxite occur in certain countries and its processing takes place in different points of the world. This implies passage from one place to the other and its consequent CO2 emissions.To make plastics, crude oil is extracted from the ground and combined with natural gas and chemicals in a manufacturing or processing plant. In some cases, burning plastics as part of a process can release toxic fumes. Moreover, the manufacturing of plastic often creates large quantities of chemical pollutants.In order to determine the carbon footprint due to all those material processes, we have to take into account the energy consumed in manufacturing and processing plant. vigour consumption is kept at a high level as smelting and some chemical processes require a huge amount of energy to be accomplished.MANUFACTURING PROCESSThe manufacturing process of a CD is complex. An injection molding machine creates the core of the disc, a 1-millimeter thick piece of polycarbonate (plastic). Polycarbonate is melted and poured in a mold. Then, with the help attain high pressure, a stamper embeds tiny indentations, or pits, with digital information into the plastic mold. Those indentations or pits will be read by a laser when playing a CD. Therefore, it is an accurate process and it involves some specialized tools and machines.Then, the so-called process sputtering takes places. Through it, the metallizer machine coats the CDs with a thin metal reflective layer (usually aluminum). The playback laser reads the information off of the reflective a luminum surface.In order to protect the CD against scratching and corrosion, it receives a layer of lacquer as a protecting coating.Most CDs are screen printed with one to five different colors for a decorative label. Screen printing involves the use of many materials, including stencils, queegees, and inks.In the manufacturing process, a considerable amount of environmental aggressive products are used such as lacquer and inks.PACKAGINGCDs are case in clear or colored plastic cases or composition board boxes that are then covered with plastic shrink wrap. This packaging can be made from recycled or raw materials. For example, the plastic used can be from recycled bottles or from crude oil and natural gas extracted from the Earth and combined with chemicals.Manufacturing cardboard require cutting trees down. This is an important and aggressive action against the environment and therefore, it has to be taken into account when evaluating the environmental cost of packaging CDs.TRANS PORTATION/DISTRIBUTIONThe canaliseation supposes a considerable contribution to carbon footprint. Once discs are packaged, they are sent to all parts in the world where they are distributed. Transportation by plane, truck, or rail requires the use of fossil fuels for energy, which contribute to climate change. Moreover, manufacturing plants usually are located in underdeveloped countries due to economic reasons whereas the main consumption of this product is registered in developed countries. This involves long transport distances and then important CO2 emissions.USEFUL LIFECDs are created with materials that are extremely stable. If properly stored and handled, most discs will last for decades. Certain conditions, such as high humidity, or extended periods of high temperatures, rapid temperature changes, and exposure to certain types of light, can damage discs and spay their useful life. Keeping discs out(a) of direct sunlight and away from heat and water will help them last lon ger.Following those easy instructions not only will save money, but it will also reduce the discs environmental impacts by preventing waste.From my point of view, this stage has an important meaning in terms of waste minimization. Our CDs consumption rate would decrease significantly if handling them properly. Making the useful life longer involves reducing all the process previous to the use, and so reducing the carbon footprint generated by the processing, manufacturing, transport process, etc.REUSE, RECYCLE OR DISPOSALIn order to reduce the discs environmental impacts, the disposal must be seen as the last option. Depending on their condition, discs can be reused or recycled instead of thrown away.ReuseA good way to keep discs out of the garbage is to reuse them. In this sense, one of the reasons why we get rid of discs is scratches. Minor scratches can be animizeed by rubbing a mild gravelly (such as toothpaste) on the non-label side of a disc in a circular motion from the cen ter out. Also, some commercial refinishers can inexpensively repair your CDs.Another main reason is that the disc is not longer wanted. Unwanted CDs or can be sold to some stores, traded with friends, or donated to schools, libraries, or other organizations. Buying used CDs borrowing them from the library can also help reduce the environmental impact associated with manufacturing new products.In my opinion this is the better preference to disposal because unlike recycling, reusing doesnt involve any manufacturing or smelting process. Therefore less energy will be consumed resulting in a lower carbon footprint.reuseCDs can be recycled for use in new products. Specialized electronic recycling companies clean, grind, blend, and compound the discs into a high-quality plastic for a variety of uses, including automotive assiduity parts, raw materials to make plastics, office equipment, alarm boxes and panels, street lights, and electrical cable insulation, jewel cases.Most CD recycling companies only accept large stockpiles of old, damaged, or unused from businesses. A few companies will accept smaller quantities of discs mailed by individuals. Once the recyclers receive the CDs, they separate the packaging materials, manuals, and CDs for individual recycling processes. You business leader consider contacting a CD recycling company on behalf of your school or school district-collecting CDs for reuse could be a good school or community fundraising project. Check your local phone book or search the Internet for a list of recyclers, and be sure to have one in place before you begin collecting CDs for recycling.As with most stages of product life cycles, even recycling has environmental tradeoffs. CD recycling is now an uphill technology, which means that many companies are not yet capable of recycling these discs. So, while recycling CDs saves natural resources, the trade-off comes from the amount of fuel and energy thats consumed to transport discs long-distances t o an appropriate recycling facility.DisposalOnly dispose of your discs when you have no other choice. Always try to share, donate, or trade your discs or drop them off at an appropriate recycling center. CDs and that are thrown away waste energy and result in lost valuable resources.

Phobia, Afraid of Death Essay -- Psychology, The Nick Adam Stories

Most people are afraid of death. Some people are panicky of being dead others are terrified of the act of dying. However, the fear of death does not occur naturally usually little kids do not even out know what death is. This kind of fear can originate from early childhood, especially in brutal environments. Facing a horrifying experience whitethorn result in psychological trauma, which causes fears and nightmares. When we are little we have our family to take care of us and make fears manageable. But what if parents are not capable of doing that? What if they see that it is better for their child to go through fears alone? Ernest Hemingway in The knap Adams Stories provides an example of the consequence of parents refusal to guide their child through his early and difficult experiences. Nick Adams is afraid of death as a result of his violent environment and lack of parental support.Nicks childhood begins in the Michigan woodland where his father takes him to fish and hunt. From those early years Nick is scared of the unknown and indefinite which is an indication of death He was not afraid of anything definite as yet. But he was getting very afraid. (14). Then he realizes that he would die someday too. Here the child firstly realizes what the death is and then gets scared. However, his parents do not help Nick overcome those fears earlier, which lead to Nicks obsession with death later in his life. In Indian Camp where Dr. Adams takes his son to watch a woman in labor, Nick has his first encounter with both birth and death. Watching his father perform a very thinking(prenominal) but fierce surgery and witnessing woman suffer from pain leads to psychological trauma of Nick. Although Nick is trying not to see what his father is doing (19), D... ...llow color of the fireside signifies Nicks cowardice (32). When Captain Paravicini tells Nick that he is very courageous, he answers No I prefer to get stinking. Im not ashamed of it. Besides associating yellow with cowardice, most scholars agree that Nicks mind has provided the yellow house in place of the sensory details of his lancinating and death (Quick, 32). The phobias people have can be due to different reasons, most of the time these come from something they either experienced or have soulfulness told them (second hand experience). In Nicks case it was both. More over, the intensity of the events happening in his life is tremendous. The outcomes can be seen in Nicks deep trauma and his psychological harm that causes significant distress and fear of death. The state Nick is in can be very harmful and can even have lethal erect on him.

power of politics Essay -- essays research papers

spring Politics The Framework ProvidedUnderstanding contemporary world politics is by no means an blue feat. To merely begin the process, one must initiatory have an ample knowledge of historical as well as modern trends in outside(a) relations, the issues at hand both now and in the past and major events that affect the field. Several groups and styles of thinking have developed throughout the centuries to make attempts at comprehending world politics and to the highest degree successfully carrying out international relations. One of these styles of thinking is often called big businessman politics and can be referred to as pr cloakical politics or realism. This school of thought focuses on ways in which power affects the international arena by assessing how states influence each other as the most important actors in world politics. Realpolitik pays attention to political power matters such as military preparedness and industrial capacities, ignoring issues of morality, ideol ogy and other tender aspects as reasons for actions of states. In this way, realism sets up a strong framework for understanding short-term, interstate relationships, yet leaves the comprehension of deeper, long-term issues weak in the background. Power politics maintains that human nature is generally selfish. This belief comes from their understanding of the trends in international relations. They feel that in the international field, states are the most important actors which act upon their own individual interests. Therefore, a state is deemed powerful if it has the ability to maintain its national interests by influencing other states. These trends date back thousands of years to the beginning of war. one time states came into existence, selfishness caused territorial expansion and war to soon follow. Countries began developing armies to carry out their interests with force, and their neighbors had to respond with their own armies. This began the trends that lead to power pol itics. The need to focus on disproof superseded the need to address more liberal issues. Power politics are not only used in matters of war and defense. The general definition of power can be seen as a states ability to get its way, making other states do things that are in the interest of the first state. In realpolitik, states use militaristic, economic, and diplomatic strengths to influence other actors from whom they desire something. The ge... ...ely collapse a modern issue is the conflict between Iraq and Kuwait. When Iraq invaded Kuwait within the ending decade, it was in the national interest of the United States to get involved due to the location of the conflict. With the annexed nation an important actor to keeping Iraq from having control of the Persian disjunctures oil, the US used its superior military force to support its own national interest. This example shows us that a nation with a heavily higher GDP and a preferable army can use force to influence other st ates. Despite the fact that power politics helps to analyze many of the worlds issues, it fails to analyze and represent others. As previously mentioned, realism ignores many of the important issues within the field of international relations. These issues include sub-state actors, append goals of states, the importance of change in the global arena to improve the quality of the world, and the collective good. It is because of the complexities of the international stage that we must not assume that one work out of world politics is correct and the others are wrong. We must take into consideration each school of thought in order to understand how the world works.