Alexander The Great Essay -- essays research papers

Alexander The Great was one of the greatest emperors and leaders of the world. In fact, he was the only emperor to be called, "The Great." He had studied under a great Greek Philosopher, Aristotle, who taught Alexander literature, science, medicine, philosophy and to speak and write well. Alexander was the son of Philip of Macedonia. Philip became king of Macedonia in 359 B.C., yet died in 336 B.C. He left his kingdom to Alexander.Alexander ruled for only thirteen years but he succeeded far beyond what his father had planned. by and by his fathers death in 336 B.C., Alexander became king of Macedonia. He strengthened his claim of king by quickly stopping revolts by Athens, which tried to break international from Macedonia, by destroying the city of Thebes, and by defeating neighboring lan...

Women and Politics In Africa :: essays research papers

There was a young woman who left her home in Mycrorayan in Kabul, Afghanistan forPeshawar after the January 1994 engagement and told Amnesty International of thefollowing situation. "One day when my father was walking past a building complex heheard screams of women coming from an flat block which had just been capturedby forces of General Dostum. He was told by the people that Dostums guards hadentered the block and were looting the property and raping the women."The following story comes out of Iran. "On wondrous 10, 1994, in the city of Arak,Iran, a woman was sentenced to death by stoning. According to the ruling of thereligious judge, her conserve and two children were forced to attend the execution.The woman urged her husband to take the children away, but to no avail. A truckfull of stones was brought in to be used during the stoning. In the middle of thestoning, although her eyes had been gouged out, the victim was able to flying fromthe ditch and started runn ing away, but the regimes guards recaptured her and shother to death."From China comes the following observation. "Still in the streets an occasional oldcrone hobbling around on her miniature butt on feet was a relic of the pre-Revolutionary, almost dead past. I also heard an echo of that past in a silk threadfactory in Wuxi, China. A woman member of its Revolutionary Committee wasintroduced to me as a veteran worker. The description astonished me because shelooked so young. On inquiry I knowledgeable that she was indeed only 34 years old, butthat she had toiled in the mill for twenty-six years, having begun this job as an 8-year old child.These three incidents reflect natural crimes and injustices against women in theThird World countries. Crimes against women include abuse, slavery, falseimprisonment, murder and rape. In these countries, women are considered to beinferior to men and are not granted represent rights or protection under the laws. Thegovernments, religion s and cultures of these countries support the inequalities,thus allowing vicious crimes against women to continue without any recourse by thevictims. The phrase womens rights refers to the rudimentary human rights that arewithheld from women hardly because they are women. Womens rights promotepolitical, social and economic equality for women in a society that traditionallyconfers more status and freedom to men. A basic right is for girls to grow up to bewomen today twelve percent of the females born worldwide are missing, many of them

Revolution Essay -- essays research papers

Revolution Exam1)During the years 1763-1775, Britain and the American Colonies had different views and interpretations for various events and documents. The stump toyThe Stamp Act was created by George Grenville, the Prime Minister from 1764-1766. Britains national debt had soared to 133 million pounds due to the war. Grenville decided to propose several taxes on the American colonists, including the Stamp Act. The Stamp Act required embossed markings on court documents, land titles, contracts, playing cards, newspapers, and basically anything printed. Grenville figured that the tax would cover part of the national debt and the live for keeping ten thousand soldiers in Americaroughly 200,000 pounds per year. The Colonists were non viewed as equal citizens of Britain, so it would not be difficult for Parliament to offer the Act. Benjamin Franklin represented Pennsylvania and suggested that if Britain was going to tax the American colonies, there should be Americans in Parliament . Franklin wanted the Americans and British to be as one. British politicians denied Franklins request because they claimed that the American colonists were already virtually represented by merchants in Parliament who had interests in America. Some other differences in opinions from American colonists were those of their rights. The colonists believed that taxation without authority took away their essential rights as Englishmen. There was confusion of what the rights of free subjects of were. They also believed that just because Britain had such a huge debt, that shouldnt mean that the colonies have to bear away part in it. The taxation led to mobs such as the Sons of Liberty. There would be rebellions and violence to come. The Quartering ActAt the request of General doubting Thomas Gage, Parliament passed the Quartering Act, which required the American colonists to house and feed British troops. In January 1766, members of the New York Assembly said that because the British comm ander had his headquarters in New York, there was an unequal burden under the Quartering Act in turn, they decided to follow some of the specifications in the Quartering Act, but not all of them. The Assembly also feared that the troops would cause an unlimited drain on their treasury by the cost of living and eati... ...hs theory in the Wealth of Nations was the economic model that the American colonists thought was accurate. Work CitedArmando. Judicial Review The Cornerstone of the Founders Plan. 5-03-05(http//balletshooz.dailykos.com/story/2005/4/17/141336/824).Ash, Thomas. Why did the American Colonists tumult? 5-03-05(http//www.bigissueground.com/history/ash-uscolonists.shtml).Houghton Mifflin. Quartering Acts. 5-03-05(http//college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/rcah/html/ah_072900_quarteringac.htm).Indiana University School of Law. The Declaration of Independence of the Thirteen Colonies. 5-03-05 (http//www.law.indiana.edu/uslawdocs/declaration.html).McClymer. How Did the Kin gs Colonies Become Little Republics? 5-03-05(http//www.assumption.edu/dept/history/Hi118net/Hi%2013%20Essay%202%2097%20John).Online Highways. Proclamation of 1763. 5-03-05(http//www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1209.html).Wikipedia. Mercantilism. 5-03-05(http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercantilism).

Viper Fish :: essays research papers fc

The viperfish is one of the fiercest predators of the deep. Its scientific learn is Chauliodus sloani. The viperfishs name comes from its fang resemblance to the Viper Snake. The viperfish, which typically grows to at least a floor long, has a very large mouth, which opens very widely but is not big decorous to contain the fishs long teeth. The viperfish is also bioluminescent, with photophores light-emitting organs on its abaxial fin and along its body to lure its prey to it. The fish has been observed hovering in come out in the water with its dorsal fin curved somewhat so that its photophore is waving near its mouth, as a office of drawing prey. Because the viperfishs body is inexorable blue or black in color, it is thought that other fish can see no part of it other than its lights.     The viperfish uses swimming for locomotion. It has been known to venture its victims on its teeth by swimming toward them, while using its first vertebra as a shock absorber. The viperfishs diet consists of shrimp, squid, and little fishes.The viperfish is found at depths of 500-2500 meters during the day in the part of the ocean sometimes called the " dusk zone," because very little light penetrates to that depth. When it goes in search of the crustaceans and small fish that are its master(prenominal) sources of food at night it rises as close as to the surface as 80 meters where food is more plentiful. The Viperfish occurs in tropical and temperate leatherneck waters world-wide. In Australia, specimens have been collected from south-western Western Australia, round the north of the country and south to Tasmania.     An adaptation that the viperfish has made is the dorsal fin has photophores that are believed to take out prey. Little is known of the reproduction of this species, but it is believed to spawn externally. This means that the males and females release sperm and eggs into the water where fertilization occurs.Chauliodus sloani inhabit depths that make them very toilsome to study.Viper Fish essays research papers fc The viperfish is one of the fiercest predators of the deep. Its scientific name is Chauliodus sloani. The viperfishs name comes from its fang resemblance to the Viper Snake. The viperfish, which typically grows to at least a foot long, has a very large mouth, which opens very widely but is not big enough to contain the fishs long teeth. The viperfish is also bioluminescent, with photophores light-emitting organs on its dorsal fin and along its body to lure its prey to it. The fish has been observed hovering in place in the water with its dorsal fin curved around so that its photophore is waving near its mouth, as a means of drawing prey. Because the viperfishs body is dark blue or black in color, it is thought that other fish can see no part of it other than its lights.     The viperfish uses swimming for locomotion. It has been known to impale its victims on its teeth by swimming toward them, while using its first vertebra as a shock absorber. The viperfishs diet consists of shrimp, squid, and little fishes.The viperfish is found at depths of 500-2500 meters during the day in the part of the ocean sometimes called the "twilight zone," because very little light penetrates to that depth. When it goes in search of the crustaceans and small fish that are its main sources of food at night it rises as close as to the surface as 80 meters where food is more plentiful. The Viperfish occurs in tropical and temperate marine waters world-wide. In Australia, specimens have been collected from south-western Western Australia, around the north of the country and south to Tasmania.     An adaptation that the viperfish has made is the dorsal fin has photophores that are believed to attract prey. Little is known of the reproduction of this species, but it is believed to spawn externally. This means that the ma les and females release sperm and eggs into the water where fertilization occurs.Chauliodus sloani inhabit depths that make them very difficult to study.

Various Types of Love in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet :: Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet

What is get laid? Love means a worm liking or estimation toward another person. done out the play Romeo and Juliet various types of shaft are displayed by several characters. Benvolio believes that women are interchangeable and at the beginning of the play Romeo believes love is a pain. firearm Juliet does not even have a have a definition of love, Paris and Lady Capulet defines it by appearance. Mercutio is unable to understand love and the nurse believes that marring more or less one is better than no one, even though you despise that person. Even though Pariss love for Juliet was seen as a mere tenderheartedness for her beauty and Paris had planed to marry Juliet through an arranged marriage, but as the play gets to and end it is show that Paris truly did love Juliet. Paris is a noble and a friend of lord Capulet. He asks for Juliets hand in marriage earlier in the play, Younger than her happy mother made, where he is not given an exact answer. His love for Juliet is an in fatuation, but one can argue, that it was true love because he had promised to visit Juliets grave with a rose, both day until his death. Sweet flower with flowers thy bridal bed I stew, This enforces the fact that he could have truly loves Juliet. Paris had arrives at the house of Capulet extra beforehand(predicate) on the day his wedding, Make Haste, The bridegroom he is come already. Again it can be reason that his love for Juliet was real but he as well as talks of Juliet as a procession or a conquest. It is uncertain that Pariss love for Juliet is genuine but one thing is for certain, Juliet hate Paris. Mercutios perception of love is crude, obscene and sexual, similar to of the Nurse. It is certain that he does not understand true love and does not believe in it. By her high forehead and her scarlet looks and by her fine foot straight leg, Mercutio explains his view of Romeos affection toward Rosaline and it is unquestionably sexual. Many of Mercutios speeches consist of nonsensicality but they happen to be long and contain obscene concepts to them such as the infamous Queen mab speech in Act 1. Prick love for Pricking, and you beat love down, as Benvolio, Mercutio believes that females are interchangeable. Mercutio always manages to turn a simple discussion into a coarse and obscene conversation such as, She had a better love to berhyme her.Various Types of Love in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Shakespeare, Romeo and JulietWhat is love? Love means a worm liking or affection toward another person. finished out the play Romeo and Juliet various types of love are displayed by several characters. Benvolio believes that women are interchangeable and at the beginning of the play Romeo believes love is a pain. succession Juliet does not even have a have a definition of love, Paris and Lady Capulet defines it by appearance. Mercutio is unable to understand love and the nurse believes that marring whatsoever one is better than no one, even though you d espise that person. Even though Pariss love for Juliet was seen as a mere affection for her beauty and Paris had planed to marry Juliet through an arranged marriage, but as the play gets to and end it is show that Paris truly did love Juliet. Paris is a noble and a friend of lord Capulet. He asks for Juliets hand in marriage earlier in the play, Younger than her happy mother made, where he is not given an exact answer. His love for Juliet is an infatuation, but one can argue, that it was true love because he had promised to visit Juliets grave with a rose, any day until his death. Sweet flower with flowers thy bridal bed I stew, This enforces the fact that he could have truly loves Juliet. Paris had arrives at the house of Capulet extra premature on the day his wedding, Make Haste, The bridegroom he is come already. Again it can be reason that his love for Juliet was real but he alike talks of Juliet as a procession or a conquest. It is uncertain that Pariss love for Juliet is g enuine but one thing is for certain, Juliet despised Paris. Mercutios perception of love is crude, obscene and sexual, similar to of the Nurse. It is certain that he does not understand true love and does not believe in it. By her high forehead and her scarlet looks and by her fine foot straight leg, Mercutio explains his view of Romeos affection toward Rosaline and it is unquestionably sexual. Many of Mercutios speeches consist of flounce but they happen to be long and contain obscene concepts to them such as the infamous Queen mab speech in Act 1. Prick love for Pricking, and you beat love down, as Benvolio, Mercutio believes that females are interchangeable. Mercutio always manages to turn a simple discussion into a coarse and obscene conversation such as, She had a better love to berhyme her.

William Blake :: essays research papers

WILLIAM BLAKE1757-1827William Blake was a British poet, painter, visionary mystic, and engraver, who illustrated and printed his own books. Born in 1757 he stayed in London nearly his whole life. He began a life of crafts at the age of ten he was sent to one of the best drawing schools in England, Henry Pars. At the age of 14, he took up the art of engraving as an apprentice. His artwork was mostly based upon spiritual happenings due to visions he had of religious figures such as the Virgin Mary. In 1783 he married Catherine Boucher, the daughter of a market gardener.The Ghost of Samuel (1800)During his lifetime, Blakes work received little attention. When his work was demand over, most people who read his it decided that Blake was confused or mad. However he is now regarded as a great artist in the fullest sense. Blakes first book of poems, Poetical Sketches, appeared in 1783 and was followed by Songs of Innocence in 1789, and Songs of ExperienceE 1794. His most famous poem "T he Tyger", was part of his Songs of Experience. In these works the world is seen from a childs point of view.Blake was always in a state of economic poverty, due to his inability to compete in the highly competitive field of engraving and his expensive invention that enabled him to design illustrations and print rowing at the same time. However, he was independent throughout his life and Blake left no debts at his death on August 12, 1827. He was buried in an unmarked grave at the public cemetery of Bunhill Fields in England. The TygerTyger Tyger Tyger Burning brightIn the forests of the nightWhat immortal attain or nerveCould frame thy fearful symmetry? In what distant deeps or skies Burnt the fire of thine eyes?On what wings dare he aspire?What the hand dare seize the fire?     And what shoulder, and what art,

Beanstalk: The Real Story

Last October 3, 10 and 12, 2012 it was a hot afternoon when we watch a movie entitled Jack and the Beanstalk The Real Story, this movie was cerebrate to our last topic in management 5. Instead of having a formal meeting in our subject in Social Responsibility and Good Governance, we take away to watch because after that we need to retain a reaction paper regarding the movie. In the beginning, the story makes me feel bored of watching and listening because the audio and the array of the movie speak very fast and I dont understand what they saying.And another reason is somebody caught my attention or maybe Im not used to watch a movie at noon. However, the last day of the movie story, I had the opportunity to listen carefully to the thoughts and deterrent example lessons of the movie I realized it was interesting. Jack and the Beanstalk The Real Story is just wiz of the many versions, where the setting, time and place may be different, but they have one similar scope and ending. In this case, the giant dying, and Jack running away with the giants riches.It was directed by Brian Henson, the cast includes Matthew Modine as the unexampled day inheritor of Jack, Mia Sara as a mysterious woman attempting to bring him to justice for the murder of a giant, Jon Voight as the descendants greedy manager and Vanessa Redgrave an elder relative of the inheritor etc. The story begins in a wealthy businessman Jack Robinson with no time for anything but to work. His building a untested casino on the site of the family castle in England. During the construction, the workers discover the skeleton of a giant.A mysterious young woman called Ondine appears and accuses Jack of being a pillager and a murderer. The man goes to the senile Jacks house and sees an old woman whom Jack recognizes as a great-aunt who he believed was dead. The old woman tells him the traditional version of the Jack and the Beanstalk in which the giant is portrayed as a selfish. Because of the doubt, Jack decides to go to another world where all is revealed to him along with the story of his ancestor, the original Jack and the Beanstalk. All the people in the magical world believe that he is the one who steal the goose and harp they unavoidableness Jack to die.In order to save his own life, Jack must right the wrongs of the past and return the magical harp and goose that lays the golden eggs to their just home. With the return of the Goose and Harp, the Giants world is restored. After returning to his world, Jack saves the companys reputation and he decides to support the project of genetically-engineered plants that he previously rejected. At the end, Ondine returns to Jack, where she is allowed to spend one Giant week (seven years in our world) with him and they lived happily ever after.The story has been changed from the traditional Jack and the Beanstalk. The giant has been modify into a good giant, and Jack has been transformed into thief. I think this is the best part of this new version when Jack returned what his ancestors have stolen from the giant he not only restored a worlds riches. He also earned for himself a new meaning of life. Jack Robinson corrected his ancestors faults after how many years. In our case as people, if we want our future to be better, we must right the wrong of the past.Question, are you ready to face the impartiality and the consequences of your past actions and decisions? Of course, it takes time to even accept the truth but with acceptance comes joy and peace and with the two, comes the right decisions and actions. Yes, it takes time, but it will be worth it for sure. And lastly the movie or let say the beanstalk is hard to tell us that to reap lifes riches, we need to grow up, climb and do the work. Life is full of harmonious and fateful encounters. Dream it and stuff possibilities

Classroom Management and Diversity Essay

Classroom focussing and diversity atomic number 18 two very important concepts to consider beca hold disciplineroom management in divers(prenominal) surrounds drive out be a lot distinct than in slight divers(prenominal) environments. there is so much diversity going on now that everyone should be aware of the importance of classroom management inside the divers(a) environments. When I talk to the highest degree diversity in this paper I am referring to pagan and cultural diversity. There are many different strategies that can t competent service students in more diverse classrooms feel more comfort sufficient and be in a unwrap reading environment.In my paper, I allow be touching on five major strategies that help classroom management in more diverse classrooms. These strategies are building trust, engaging personal market-gardening, confronting neighborly authorisation and social justice, transforming instructional practices, and engaging the spotless take c ommunity. I will be talking about all of the advantages to these strategies. Another thing I will be touching on is the importance of classroom management in these diverse classrooms.I will also look at the differences between classroom management in less diverse environments and classroom management in more diverse environments. I will talk about my experiences discover classrooms and the differences between the classroom management strategies each teacher subroutines. Classroom management is a very critical part of teaching and having good classroom management in a more diverse classroom is a challenging task, and also a very important one. In more diverse environments especially, it is sometimes harder for teachers to stir good classroom management.Mainly because the students in more diverse settings tend to act out more or disobey the rules. If students feel like they are in an open and trusting community at school they are more likely to succeed and listen to the teachers d irections. Building trust, engaging personal culture, confronting social dominance and social justice, transforming instructional practices, and engaging the entire school community is five very important strategies that make classroom management easier. Building trust is one of the most important strategies that help classroom management in more diverse environments.Building trust entails being honest with students and having discussions about unravel and ethnicity with the entire class. Talking about students different cultures instead of just simply acting like they are not there. One teacher from the Apple vale School District says, I pauperism to move beyond being color-blind. The main idea of this strategy is to establish positive leaning communities in each classroom. If the students feel like their cultures and ethnicity are authoritative they will feel more comfortable. Trust is such an important thing to have in a classroom in order to be able to have good classroom ma nagement.If the students feel like they can trust the teacher they will be more open and the teacher will have better control over his or her management (Howard, 2007). The second strategy is engaging in personal culture. This strategy is very important because it can be the difference between high school students exonerateping out of school or continuing on. The main reasoning of engaging in personal culture is to form authentic and effective relationships across differences. These relationships are very important to students who are going through school.If students feel that their teachers do not care about them they are more likely to drop out of school. Forming relationships with your students is important in order to maintain good classroom management. If the students feel like you enjoy acquire to know them and that you respect them then they are more likely to listen and follow directions. If students feel like you do not respect them and could care less about them they are more likely to disobey and possibly even drop out of school all together (Howard, 2007). Confronting social dominance and social justice is the third strategy to better classroom management.This strategy is about making teachers aware of their surroundings and the issues that surround race and class. It forces teachers to moot about race and class in a different way and causes them to better understand their students and what their students are going through. During this strategy teachers will come together and have discussions about race, class, gender, immigration, and other forms of diversity. They will open up and get a better consciousness about social dominance and diversity. This will help teachers teach their students better and make them more aware of what is going on around them (Howard, 2007).The fourth strategy istransforming instructional practices. This strategy is crucial to having good classroom management. The main concentrate of this strategy is for teachers to shift their teachings to meet the diverse learning needs of students. Also, to use curriculum that honors each students culture. For example, if a teacher was working in a school district that was mainly a Spanish speaking area if the teacher had to send something fundament to the parents they could send one paper home in English and on the back have the same paper written in Spanish. This would make it a lot easier on parents and students of mainly Spanish speaking families.This would also help classroom management because it is very important that your students parents understand you (Howard, 2007). The fifth and last strategy is engaging the entire school community. This strategy talks about how if you want to have good classroom management in diverse environments you not only have to overwhelm the students, hardly also their parents. If the students are not getting any support from their parents it is hard for them to succeed. Teachers can help parents get more involved by m ove home news letters and letting them know about any activates going on around the school.Even though this might not eer get the students parents involved it still good to try. It is a lot easier to have classroom management when the students feel supported by not only the teacher, but also by their parents (Howard 21). Also students in schools with a strong sense of community are more likely to be academically motivated (Schaps, 2003). I recently observed two different classrooms, one in a diverse environment and one in a less diverse environment. The classroom I observed that was diverse is in the Northeast school district in Reading and the less diverse classroom is in the Pleasant Valley school district in Brodheadsville.The way the teachers in each of these schools manage their classrooms is completely different because of the diversity differences. The biggest difference I came across while observing these two classrooms was how serious each of the teachers has to be. From o bserving I realized how much harder it is to have good classroom management in more diverse classrooms. For example, in the more diverse classroom the teacher had to be very serious and the teacher in the less diverse classroom joked around a lot.The teacher in the more diverse classroom had to be serious because the students were constantly acting up. The teacher did not have time to joke around because at every moment she had to keep her students on track of what they were supposed to be doing. They constantly needed guidance. When I was observing the less diverse classroom I saw that the teacher joked around a lot. He made funny references and was all around less serious and strict. This was because his students were better behaved. They did act up at certain times, but they were always quick to get back on topic.Another thing that I realized was that the teacher in the diverse environment used all of the strategies that help classroom management and the teacher in the less diver se environment only used two of the strategies. There were a few kids in the less diverse environment that were diverse but the teacher did not recognize them. He did not confront social dominance and justice, transform practices, or engage school community. He just acted as if everyone was the same ethnicity and ignored all differences. Which, is not always the best way to act. When a teacher acts this way even though they are teaching all of the students the same.Sometimes the students that are ethnically different can fall behind or feel as if they are not cared about. Where as the teacher in the diverse environment took advantage of her students differences and did all of the strategies, which helped her classroom management become better. By enforcing the strategies the classroom management becomes better because the students respect the teachers more and also usually listen better. The students and teacher benefit from using the five strategies. holding control of diverse cla ssrooms is much more challenging than keeping control of less diverse classrooms.There is a big difference between diverse and less diverse classrooms, that is why classroom management is so important. If the teacher in the diverse environment did not use the five strategies I think it would have been very hard for her to have good classroom management in her classroom. The teacher in the less diverse environment however was able to get away with not using the five strategies because his classroom was less diverse so the students were not as hard to handle. Achieving classroom management in diverse classrooms is a very important and challenging task.Classroom management continues to be a serious concern for teachers and especially in urban and diverse learning environments (Milner 2010). Classroom management is so important in order to have a successful running class. It is easier to obtain classroom management in less diverse classrooms but there are five major strategies that help teachers achieve classroom management in diverse classrooms. I mentioned these strategies earlier, they are again building trust, engaging in personal culture, confronting social dominance and social justice, transforming instructional practices, and engaging the entire school community.Without these five strategies it would be more or less impossible to gain good classroom management in diverse environments. If a teacher did not use the five strategies it is possible that his or her classroom would not have very good classroom management, depending upon if the classroom was in a diverse environment or not. Like I mentioned earlier in my paper, classrooms in less diverse environments can often get away with not using the five strategies. This is because the students are easier to manage.It is crucial however, for the teachers in the diverse environments to use the strategies. If in the future teachers decided not to use the strategies and instead decided to just ignore the differe nces between diverse and non-diverse environments it would cause major problems with classroom management. If a classroom had bad classroom management the students would suffer terribly. Some students would not care about their work, some would not listen, and some would just simply drop out.If teachers did not have control over their classrooms the students would not have anyone to listen to or pay attention to. That is why classroom management is so important. There is a way however, to help classrooms in diverse environments have good classroom management and it is to use the five strategies. If teachers in diverse settings continue to use the strategies it will help not only the teachers, by making good classroom management easier to achieve, but it will also help the students because they will learn more if they are listening and paying attention to the teacher.H. Richard Milner IV, B. T. (2010). Classroom management in diverse classrooms. Retrieved from http//uex. sagepub. com . ezaccess. libraries. psu. edu/content/45/5/560. full. pdf html Herbert Elizabeth, A. (1998). Design matters How school environment affects children. Realizing a Positive School Climate, 56(1), 69-70. Howard Gary, R. (2007). As diversity grows, so must we. Responding to Changing Demographics, 64(6), 16-22. Schaps Eric. (2003). Creating a school community. Creating Caring Schools, 60(6), 31-33.

English Literature: The Novel Essay

The depiction of a woman as an emancipated slave has been tralatitious to straight-laced literary period. Numerous newfangleds and literary works were written in the form of a female gender scream, which did non change a womans position in the then society, but on the contrary, confirmed the unchanging affable prejudices towards wo custody. Gender identities and the related social issues have become the substitution elements of the two novels Eliza Haywoods Fantomina and Wilkie collinss The Woman in White.The two novels have guiden that the social structure of the Victorian society did not compensate twain musculus quadriceps femoris for free expression of the female gender individuation. Moreover, by crossing the boundaries of the allow behaviour, women did not revive their female gender identity, but fate themselves to social and spiritual failure. The two novels discuss the female prominence in the face of social threats, which usually appeared in the form of gender prejudices, norms, and gender threats. No matter, what a woman could be, The Woman in White and Fantomina prove the irresistible female striving towards self-identification.It seems that both Collins and Haywood show, how women of the Victorian society were trying to go forward their inner world, the female identity, and their female face, even when that face had to be hidden under mask masks. Through the use of masquerade and deception, many of Haywoods characters freely give up their virtue, while others hold strong to it, making them vulner fitting and subject to greater consequences. Self-identification and masquerade ab initio seem the two dissonant elements. However, such(prenominal) combination makes the female struggle for their self-identification even more arduous and painful.The Victorian society puts a woman in a position, in which masquerade serves the best saviour from the pressured reality the reality pressured by norms, prejudices, and increasing male dominatio n. Among the heart classes, patterns of employment, with the increasing separation of home and working environment, and the rise of commuting, together with the integrating of the assumption that a male head of a household should be able to provide for the female members of his family, without them having to take paid work, contributed to the establishment of clearly demarcated leisure time and space for both women and men (Flint 2001, 19)However, while male dominance and male financial superiority gave men excessive freedom and sufficient space for exercising their leisure desires, women were totally stripd of such freedom proficients. The Woman in White and Fantomina are the two stories of what a Womans sedulousness can endure, and what a Mans resolution can achieve. The unendurable strength of the female character, imagination, and inventiveness strike the reader. The masquerade and the male desire to deprive a woman of the already lost identity becomes a revelation for the contemporary reader.The use of masquerade, deception, pain, and suffering leads a woman to the situation, when she is no longer able to distinguish the truth from lies, but where she continues challenging gender and social hierarchies. The narrative space presents a struggle for confidence that ultimately reaffirms the social and institutional stance quo. Those individuals who threaten and transgress conventional boundaries of law, narrative, and gender are punished. On the one hand, such striving to re-affirm social female authority does not lead to any positive consequences.On the other hand, women in Victorian novels exhibit their preoccupation with their real social position and the opportunities they possess to change this position. She no sooner comprehend he left the Town, than making Pretence to her Aunt, that she was going to visit a relation in the Country, went towards Bath, attended by two Servants, who she found Reasons to quarrel with on the Road and dischargd Clo thing herself in a Habit she had brought with her, she forsook the Coach, and went into a Waggon, in which Equipage she arrivd at Bath (Haywood 2004, 65)The two novels re-affirm the discussed struggle for authority in the two different forms while Fantomina uses masquerade as the means to confirm her superiority over Beauplaisir, Collinss woman herself becomes the dupe of such masquerading male ambitions What had I done? Assisted the victim of the most horrible of all false imprisonments to escape or case loose on the great world of London an unfortunate creature, whose actions it was my duty, and e precise mans duty, mercifully to control? This scream of conscience has actually become the expression of the unfortunate and unbearable social position of a woman. To mercifully control that was the task of the Victorian society in terms of every woman. Patriarchal traditions have led the women of the Victorian age to the most false and horrible imprisonments which a society could cre ate that imprisonment appeared in the form of societal dominance over female identity in general, and over the behaviour of separate married and unmarried women, in particular.Although Eliza Haywood implies that unmarried women are especially vulnerable to societal attitudes towards them, Wilkie Collins refutes this idea and shows that a married woman is very likely to lose her spiritual authenticity under the pressure of male dominant influence. nonetheless despite the never-ending focussing to gender freedom, women in these two novels face the wall of misunderstanding and never changing social attitudes. It seems that by reading both novels, we create an objective figure of speech of what a woman could be in Victorian society.A woman could either choose the pathway of social struggle, or to become a victim of this struggle amid men. It seems that both authors were trying to reassure their readers in that the described events and the described gender struggles had nothing to do with their Victorian reality. By punishing their women for what they valued to achieve, Haywood and Collins tried to decrease the significance of their writing, and to show the prevalence of social identity over personal feelings and thoughts of women.Masquerade and madness these are the two kindred lines, which Haywood and Collins exercise to prove their righteousness, and not to be blamed for be too open with their readers. Madness and masquerade these identical lines lead women to their ultimate moralistic and spiritual failure, which re-defines their social position and shows that any mad desire to break social norms cannot lead to anything good. The rifled charms of Fantomina soon lost their Poignancy, and grew tasteless and insipid and when the assuage of the Year inviting the Company to the Bath, she offerd to accompany him, he made an Excuse to go without her. Fantominas masquerading attempts and plans ultimately lead her to losing her virtue, but she acquires a rev olutionary feeling of something inevitable in her life. Masquerade for Fantomina becomes a double failure, expressed in continued entomb which gradually becomes insipid, and in awarding Fantomina with Child. The masquerade has not certainly been the best solution to protect Fantomina from losing her identity, although in many instances, such masquerade has been the only means to be herself.Byrd writes that The game could not go on forever, because it began with deceit. Perhaps if the heroine had seduced Beauplaisir under different circumstances with her honour and virtue still in tact, they would have been able to live happily under the confines of marriage. (738) However, in this passage Byrd either lies to herself, or appears extremely subjective in her judgments. First of all, Fantomina had no other way but to initiate her love af sportsmanlike with Beauplaisir with deceit.Victorian society did not forgive freedom of behaviour and gender expression by unmarried women. Second, although Haywood implies that true love cannot be founded on disguise and lies, the society did not give Fantomina any other chance to conquer Beauplaisir. Third, by suggesting that a marriage could become a glorious opportunity for Fantomina, Byrd initially denies the irreversible consequences a marriage could bring to a woman, as in case with Collins The Woman in White. Marriage, about which Byrd writes, in Collins secret plan serves the role of managing womens minds who in different ways stand as figures of deviance and transgression and in doing so, it offers to Collinss more conventional readers a reassuring reestablishment of the social order and womans place within it. What has Marian achieved by writing to Lauras lawyer to inform about Persivals and Foscos plot? What has Marian achieved by taking over the partially masculine features of being less passive, more mobile, and significantly more decisive in her actions?The reader may approve her for holding sufficient courage to fight against the societal circumstances, but the reality proves the opposite. Although Marian is confident that Lauras life itself mogul depend on her quick ears and faithful memory , the Victorian society does not give Marian a reliable chance to prove her abilities and the right to exercise her gender identity to the fullest. Her diary (a textual expression) and her body and soul (spiritual expression) are severely punished as soon as she leaves her home and transgresses the boundaries of the appropriate behaviour. Marians behaviour and empty strivings again and again re-affirm the position which Haywood took in her Fantomina, and which Collins was initially trying to take in his The Woman in White. Victorian society does not forgive such trespassing. The punishment for breaking the boundaries of the socially appropriate behaviour may take various forms, from false instauration imprisonment, to pregnancy or illness. Marians eyes become large and wild, and looking at me with a strange terror in them pain and apprehension and grief written on her as with a brand. In the light of Victorian orthodox traditions of gender identity, Marian may appear an unwomanly woman. Even when the sound of pens scraping is replaced by the sound of dress rustling, the society does not grant Marian with feminine identity anymore. It becomes evident that as soon as a woman dares to pass the limits of the usual female behaviour she is forever tied to new stereotypes, and has no chance to return to her foregoing realities.Simultaneously, none of the women described by Haywood and Collins displays any slight desire to again become nothing but a woman, condemned to patience, propriety, and petticoats for life. Conclusion Collins ends his novel with the spirit of a good woman which Marion represents. Her painful transformation asserts the status quo of Victorian gender traditions, and the social weakness of a woman who decides to break them. It is very probable, that both Col lins and Haywood display a growing concern of what a woman could be if a man left her to act as the pleased. Collins and Haywood evidently fail to lead their women to the victory of their gender identities, and seem to choose another way as soon as all(prenominal) of the female characters reaches the middle of the bridge. Both novels start with the encouraging desire to prove that society is tragically and disastrously wrong in depriving women of their social and spiritual identity. Both show female strength and endurance in the face of the threats, which the Victorian society could pose on them. The novels reflect a similarkind of tension between an identification with transgressive figures who challenge social conventions and a distinct uneasiness about the full economic and legal empowerment of those resolute women who so attracted men. (Byrd 1997, 737) With the development of each novels plot, both authors become explicitly troubled with what consequences the freedom of female identity can cause. Certainly, Collins and Haywood have succeeded in depicting their women as pressured by the irrelevant and unnecessary societal norms.Simultaneously, they have created an impression of the inevitability of social punishment for breaking the boundaries of the appropriate social norms. By reading both novels, the reader acquires full understanding of what a woman had to experience and to endure under the pressure of Victorian male dominance. Despite the fact, that Haywood initially judges and sympathises with the social position of an unmarried woman, the life of a married woman in Collins view appears no better than that of Fantomina, who has lost her virtue before being bound by any socially meaningful marriage ties.Both authors have successfully shown the inevitable inequality of social position between men and women in Victorian era Laura, Marian, and Fantomina are the three victims of excessive societal control over their true female identities.BIBLIOGRAPHYByr d, A. Eliza Haywood The Rise of the Woman Novelist and Her Response to maidenlike Desire Through the Form of the Masquerade. The Modern Language Review 92, no. 3 (1997) 734-39. Collins, W. The Woman in White. Oxford Worlds Classics. Oxford Paperbacks, 1998. Craft, Catherine A.Reworking Male Models Aphra Behns fair Vow-Breaker, Eliza Haywoods Fantomina, and Charlotte Lennoxs Female Quixote. The Modern Language Review 86, no. 4 (1991) 821-38. Flint, K. The Victorian Novel and Its Readers. In D. Deirdre ed. , 17-36. The Cambridge Companion to the Victorian Novel, Cambridge CUP, 2001. Gaylin, A. The Madwoman Outside the bean Eavesdropping and Narrative Agency in The Woman in White (Critical essay). Texas Studies in Literature and Language 43, no. 2 (2001) 304-33. Haywood, E. Fantomina and other works. Broadview Press Ltd, Canada, 2004.

New Historic Criticism of Pudd’nhead Wilson

The striking lack of agreement about the merits of Mark pairs Puddnhead Wil intelligence, is doubtlessly related to the equ anyy striking disagreements over the interpretations and analysis of the novel. In a crucial senses, related to all the thematic analysis presented so far, leave classical aspects of the novel unaccounted for. As a result, those who are inclined to praise the novel dismiss certain parts as finally inconsequential evidence of boths predictably careless technique. On the other hand those who have serious reservations about its merits stress its lack of coherence, lack of an action suit up to(p) to live what appear to be the authors chief concerns.Although the interpretations vary widely, ranging from the view that its theme is the conflict between reality and appearance to the assertion that it has no complete meaning, two interpretative emphases are most common. First, there are critics who stress upon racial themes, e specificly break ones backry and misce genation or marriages between different endures. And back those who argue for the centrality of the theme of environmental determinism and see slavery as simply a metaphor for Twains more general concern, with the influence of upbringing of the individual. While both these approaches give valuable insight, both are unsatisfactory because they leave too many questions unanswered.It was once considered that the integrity of imagination was violated by interpretation, considerations of race, class and fire have non entered into the most formalist readings.In Puddnhead Wil password, Twain presents a critique of slavery and race relations in the American South. He highlights the flightiness of racial distinctions and classifications by showing how easily Roxana, a slave is able to switch her own son with the offspring of her master. The immature usurper grows among the discolors without suspicion, and Twain is able to demonstrate how artificial and constructed racial distinctions actually are.Race, Conflict and CultureThe recently increased interest in Mark Twains Puddnhead Wilson is a text that turns the mis let in of gender and race in a mid-nineteenth century Southern town into a complicated spoof of the fiction of law and customs in the linked States. Puddnhead Wilson depicting race and custom personal identity within legal and scientific discourses lends itself readily to the new kind of historic readings related to Race, Conflict and Culture.A etiolate skinned man, robs and murders and he subsequently discovers, through the science of fingerprinting, that he is actually a descendent of African race and a slave. In his infancy, he was changed with his young master, Valet de Chamber or (Chambers), alias Tom Driscoll, seems almost to be tailor-made for the audience of 1990s. This book is considered as an intriguing depiction of complexities and constructions of race in the late nineteenth century United States.Recent attention to racial issues, and r enewed interest of literary criticism in history, has helped define the precise nature of heathen tragedy which is presented in the novel. The traditional plot of European comedy in which confusion over identity disrupts a hierarchical order that is restored when true identity is revealed, does not seem to work in democratic America, especially not when the confusion involves race. As in Puddnhead Wilson, Roxy tries to justify her act of cradle exchange of her son for her masters and reasons with herself, blanched folks has done it. But her efforts as a mother to have her son defy the fate allotted a slave in racist America, ends in futility.The new historical criticism of the text certifies the different ship canal of reading narrative incoherence and different ways in formulating relationship between culture and literature. Some critics argue that Twain was unaware of Puddnhead Wilsons penetrating indictment of race slavery and that the discontinuities of the text cacography a retreat to the illusion when none has occurred. While Myra Jehlen (1990) sees more ambivalence than outright evasion and manifests a familiar dilemma in Twain as a stalemate, between racial criticism and implicit conservatism. David Wilson stands in for the author, who recognizes competing rights that render incompatible social order and social justice.Carolyn Porter (1990) sees similar ambivalence in Roxanas powerfully subversive, and David Wilsons repressive plots. She also argues that the novel does not resolve, but only plays out the tension between them. Some read a more deliberate authorial strategy into the texts disjunctions. Through David Wilson as a businessman, Twain meditates on the speculative postwar economy as an outgrowth rather than rejection of the slave economy. If the new historicism performs a textual reading of culture, they have not ceased to read the literary text as a special entity. When the critics analyze a fictional character or episode, there is no way the analysis can be proven wrong and all take satisfaction in being right. But whether Puddnhead Wilson is an extension, a reflection or a critique of cultural dynamics remains a matter of debate.Main Characters in the novelRoxana or Roxy in Puddnhead Wilson is cited as an exceptional woman, her gestures and movements distinguished by a noble and stately grace, is the rarest of beings depicted in Twains work, though the white women characters in his work tend to be static and stereotypical. She is a passionate and an attractive woman and according to Fishkin (1995) is cunning, physically possessing, enterprising and genuinely interesting and engaging. She is conceived by Twain as something other than matronly old ladies or prepubescent schoolgirls. Roxy is also more complex of the stereotypes which were most commonly used by white authors to portray women of her race and status.David Wilson, Puddnhead Wilson, is a character that gained its name from the book but many critics have ig nore, denied, or belittled his significance to the story. The result is that Wilson role is considered that of a mere lever, or someone who moves the plot along but has no intrinsic importance. Though Wilson is referred to as an ass in the opening chapters, but care a donkey he has a number of admirable attributes. He is intelligent, courteous and diligent and its only Roxy who describes his as de smartes man in dis town. His hobbies though they seem odd to the average townsperson, demonstrate his sharp and meticulous mind.Thomas a Beckett Driscoll (Tom) is the name given by Percy Driscoll to his child and after Roxy switches the babies, the slave usurper is referred to as Tom. From the beginning, Tom turns out to be a bad boy and his bad behavior continues to grow with age and is described by Roxy as fractious. He is poisonous towards Chambers and rude towards Roxys affection, viewing his mother as merely a slave and chattel. Valet de Chambers, (Roxys son) on the other hand is br ocaded as a slave and grows up to be docile and meek but a strong fighter and a good swimmer. Tom not only forces Chambers to be his bodyguard but is also cruel and jealous of the slaves natural physical abilities. But even upon discovering that he is the real Tom Driscoll and is rich and free, Chambers still feels uncomfortable in the company of whites because of his slave upbringing.Slavery in the mid-nineteenth centuryAccording to Jehlen (1990), Mark Twain while associating the black race with the female sex, represents racism in the unconventionally loathsome form of slavery. Roxanas status as a mulatta (feminine) is clearly crucial to Twains story. Roxana as a mulatta most certainly exposes the covert tradition of miscegenation, but her serial ordeal as a mulatta mother intent on saving her son exposes much more ( Porter, 1990). The ideologies of race and sex Mark Twain used in the novel Puddnhead Wilson were not controllable through literary form, because the writing represen t problems that the history of racial and sexual thinking in America, impossible to resolve.Percy Driscoll on having some money stolen threatens to sell the guilty servant down the river which shows that life for the slaves on large cotton plantations was far harsher than for the Missouri slaves. To be sold down the river was equivalent to be condemned to hell, with old slaves being sold away to be replaced by the new slaves. Dawsons Landing is a highly stratified hierarchical society and at the apex of this social order were the first descendants of Virginia, delineate by Judge Driscoll down to the lowest rung of the social ladder-the slaves.And so powerful is this social hierarchy, that those on the bottom were forbidden from eating or posing with citizens of higher status. This segregation was visible in the layout of the town structure where the snug houses for the white population were situated up front while the portion for the slaves was surreptitious in the backcountry. Thr ough constructing this social framework, Twain delivers a stinging critique of slavery and in the South of America. Puddnhead Wilson is unique to its time in portraying the slave characters as dishonest, lazy and at times dangerous. But in Roxys views, slavery is a crime committed by the whites against her race.ConclusionCritics seem intent on challenging the new directions in literary analysis and laying down the terms of debate as to what standard has the literary whole shebang been classified to up to this point and the terms by which we read literature and by analyzing the relationship of literature to the larger question by which we govern our lives. Today the problems of race and sex have become vastly complicated than when a literary work was thought to invent its own sufficient language.The task of the critics then was to show how all parts worked together to reveal coherence. But today, with no available assurance no one can be certain that in a accompaniment work the his tory is internally coherent or that the issues it treats finally hang together. Though not simple, but the task of literary criticism is to analyze works, not to dismantle them. In the light of these questions, Twains Puddnhead Wilson contributes not only to Twains single work, but also adds to the growing number of works both participating in and questioning new directions in the study of literature.BIBLIOGRAPHYJehlen Myra. Spring, The Ties That Bind Race and Sex in Puddnhead Wilson. American Literary History. Vol. 2, No.1. 1990. pp. 39-55.Fishkin, Shelley Fisher. Mark Twain and Women. The Cambridge Companion to Mark Twain. Cambridge University Press New York, NY. 1995.Jehlen, Myra. The Ties that Bind Race and Sex in Puddnhead Wilson. Mark Twains Puddnhead Wilson. Duke University Press Durham, SC. 1990.Porter, Carolyn. Roxanas Plot. Mark Twains Puddnhead Wilson. Duke University Press Durham, SC. 1990.Wald, Priscilla. Mark Twains Puddnhead Wilson Race, Conflict and Culture. Studies in American Fiction, Journal Article. Vol. 23, 1995.Thomas, Brook. Tragedies of Race, Training, Birth and Communities of Competent Puddnheads. American Literary History, Vol. 1, No.4. Winter, 1989. pp. 754-785.

Argumentative Paper

Ameri terminate dollars into the Iraki infrastructure. 1) Military and police force trained at the detention of American tax income force backer dollars. (2) Facilities that admit been reinforced by Americans and g unrivaled to waste. (3) Global understanding of foreign sanction. (4) Iraqs capabilities of winning c ar of their own m onetary c be. (5)Statistics in regards to dollars worn out(p) on what projects to Iraq be exercise a best nation. IV. Americas globe school dayhouse system. A. Budget cuts to the breedingal work out. B. Classroom growth. C. educational cut support computer programs. (1) City of Phoenix cut backs. 2) educational Job market place fill with teachers and no positions available. 3) Interview with Kerry. Help V. Americans consider to tighten the round strings and take care of the issues at home. Too much Foreign Aid in Americas Budget The act of charity is something that most people are raised on if a person has been b slighted with wealt h, it is al federal agencys good to help those less fortunate. However, thither comes a beat when likewise a great deal is too untold. The coupled States, among opposite countries, developed the practice of foreign encourage later on macrocosm fightfare II.It was designed to help those countries in fearsome carry of maverick help when they could non manage on their own. Foreign uphold is something that has been in effect oer the last few decades and some prescribe has been apply to tautological and argue the point that if our own landed estate is in debt and adjoining, how can there be so much cash spent on foreign back up. Others say that we are prosperous and should help those that need it no librate what. Whichever side of the argument is brought up, there are certain facts that do non change.The get together States has spent too much money taking care of former(a) countries monetary catastrophes in spite of the vexation at bottom its own borders. T he unite States of America has long been considered one of the most remediable countries in the ground leading the acquire of scotch growth, democracy, innovation and fiscal dominance. However, lately it seems that the join States is in as much financial strain as the other countries it helps regularly. Americans are experiencing the parking brake of aviatorions in soma cuts on education programs, eliminating teaching positions and higher taxes to farm animal a war with Iraq.Even by dint of all of these financial hardships, the United States dumb manages to give witions of dollars in financial upkeep despite the economic crisis of their own. A region that receives a large segment of American foreign aid is Haiti. Haiti is one of the poorest countries in the world and is one of the countries that recently, receives the most financial aid world wide. In mid-January of this year, Haiti experienced a annihilative earthquake that destroyed most of the county. Hundreds o f thousands of people were left field without homes, divest drinking water or electricity, with debris and rubble do it unsafe territory.Bret Stephens, a journalist for the DOD Jones & Company, uncoered news from the World cuss and simply how much additional aid was loss to be allotted to Haiti for relief efforts. Stephens article states The World Banknow just about to throw a nonher $ ascorbic acid million on Haition what it achieved in the country between 1986 and 2002 The outcome of World Bank assistance programs is rated unsatisfactory (if not highly so), the institutional organic evolution impact, negligible, and the sustainability of the few benefits that behave accrued, unlikely.Stephens goes on to quote that the Bank noted, Haiti has dysfunctional calculateary, financial or procurement systems, making financial and aid management impossible. The Bank makes the declare that the Haitian regimen does not take ownership and initiative for formulating and implementin g assistance programs. A partition of foreign aid by country, pictured by Guardian, a United Kingdom based sensation blob, shows a grand total of 3. 5 billion dollars al train donated and another 1. 1 billion dollars pledged to help with this disaster (Guardian).America, leading as the highest donor, among other countries such as United Kingdom, Japan and Canada. Many countries making absolutely no contri plainlyion whatsoever during this time. Americans are passing play broke and continue to deem boastful. In fact, the United States has solo been debt free for two years, 1834 and 1835, harmonize to Marie Clammiest. Clammiest states in another article that, The federal g everyplacenments $14 one million million million debt as an emergency that demands thumping cuts in domestic programs The majority of this debt is verbalize to have come from the war in Iraq, heavily financed by borrowing from china to fund the war. Lira Logan write uped, The line of work for America i s that its greatness has constantly been rooted in its economic dominance and that debt has forced the U. S. To keep borrowing from foreign countries. consort to statistical ATA provided by the dressing table of the Public Debt , in 1991, the national debt for the United States was under $3 Trillion, even though a large amount, it was still within the realm of world paying off.However now in 2011, the debt recently went over the $14 cardinal mark, a number that is in no way getable (Madame). Logan also quoted Aaron David Miller of the Woodrow Wilson planetary Center for Scholars, saying, Can the worlds greatest power remain the worlds greatest power and also be the worlds greatest borrower? I dont destine so. Over the past quaternary years fighting the war n Iraq, the United States has spent $ euchre billion dollars on honest the war only when (Skeletal).In addition to the funding of occupying this country, the United States has spent over $50 billion in reconstructive memory costs, that unfortunately, most say will be wasted dollars collectable to Iraqs incompetence and capabilities to utilize the reconstructions. As a country, the United States has invested hundreds of billions of dollars on equipment, edifices, infrastructure, electricity and water facilities in third world countries. In an article recently make by USA right away written by Matt Kelley, mints out that, The United States has spent $44. Billion in taxpayer funds on rebuilding Iraq, about half of it to train, equip and accommodate Iraqs military and police forces. Kelley also quotes Rusty Barber, the head of the Iraq program United States Institute of Peace, There has been some significant progress, plainly theres a long way to go before Iraq can really be a stable, secure country thats able to provide for its peoples basic call for. Iraq is a country that has undergone massive vilification over the past 10 plus years, with no final stage in sight, and has been rebuilt about ten times over.The amount of money that America has spent in rebuilding Iraq, by all means a country that has minimal interest in being rebuilt, is atrocious. American tax payer dollars are being spent to fund umteen projects in Iraq, such as schools, infirmarys and prisons, instead of fall outing those same dollars on the same problems at home. According to Timothy Williams, many of these facilities have remained empty after completion because there were not enough Iraqis trained to operate them. Williams goes on to state that 4 million maternity hospital built by the Americans is open, alone the cater members cannot operate much of its equipment.. Sinai Hospital in Baghdad, which had been the American militarys largest medical center in the country, has been closed because the Health Ministry lacks the staff and equipment to reopen it, though the American military said it left $7. 9 million in equipment behind He also states that there was a $ one hundred sixty-five m illion kidskinrens hospital that was delayed by more than quartette years and $115 million over cypher (Williams). When a country is in desperate need of help, it is up to others to step up and give aid.When that aid is condition, it is under the understanding that the money is expiration to e used to go towards the rebuild of the crisis. However, what happens when the country receiving large portions of aid do not need that aid? For example, harmonize to James Gland and Campbell Robertsons article in distinguished of 2008, by the ending of 2009, the Iraqi government ended up with a surplus of some $80 million dollars. The article stated that, The United States has spent $23. 2 billion in the critical areas of security, cover, electricity and water since the 2003 invasion, simply from 2005 through April of 2008, Iraq has spend Just $3. Billion on similar services. Another report room the Government office Office estimates Iraqi oil revenue from 2005 through the end of thi s year 2008 will amount to at least $156 billion dollars. So what this is stating is that the Iraqi government is not only holding their oil money in a United States bank collecting somewhere in the range of $400,000 in interest, but for some reason they are collecting foreign aid when they are dependent of funding and fixing their own problems.Carl Levin, a chairman of the Senate Armed work was quoted saying, The Iraqi government now has tens of billions of dollars at its espousal to fund large-scale reconstruction projects. It is inexcusable for U. S. Taxpayers to continue to foot the bill for projects the Iraqis are wide of the marky capable of funding themselves We should not be paying for Iraqi projects, date Iraqi oil revenues continue to pile up in the bank. Very well said and a statement many American citizens support full hardheartedly.However, we are still sending foreign aid to Iraq, building Iraqi schools, hospitals, prisons, and fortifying their countrys security but it does not look like the money is going to arrest going into Iraq. If the United States spends 165 million dollars on one hospital, one can only imagine the cost of rebuilding schools during war time as well as imagine how many of those schools were destroyed designedly and unintentionally during or after their construction because of said war. Americas public school system drastically inescapably help and no one is coming up with any solutions but budget cuts.The American public school system is already the dupe of systematic budget cuts are now acquiring ready for another huge cushion to their financial status one some say that is going to cripple our youths outlooks on a better education. Education every week reported that the spending bill that President Barack Obama signed into law March 2 cut off current fiscal-year funding for several literacy programs at the Education De unwrapment as a part of a government- wide reduction of $4 billion (Rose). For an example, a zimuth has taken hard drastic cuts recently.Classroom sizes have grown from 24 children per teacher to roughly 30 plus children per tierroom. After school and during school education enhancement studies to help children who fall below the average or have special learning needs eve all but been eliminated. In previous years, children who may not have passed a subject were allowed the opportunity to attend intercession, a program during the school breaks where they attend class for a few hours a day over a two week time frame think to get them back on track.Unfortunately, as of the 2009-2010 school year, Circle Cross Ranch, a local anaesthetic elementary in San Tan Valley Arizona, now requires parents pay $25 per class session if a child fails at any point in time the classes are mandatory. In Phoenix, they are experiencing even more of an unnecessary act back. The city as had a drastic decline in their hiring for the 2010-2011 school year. Roughly 7,400 public-school teaching po sitions have been eliminated across the state because of budget cuts proposed by the Legislature, according to Arizona Educators Association spokesman John Heartfelt (Quinn).With the amount of children that are still enrolling and moving into the Phoenix area, this only bodes ill for the amount of assist each child will receive. Education is important to the growth of any society and if that keeps getting hit time and time again with no solutions on how to fix that budget crisis, things will only get worse. The amount of educational Jobs are decrease but the amount of applicants only increase. The educational Job market is being deluge with teachers that have experienced the layoffs and cut backs, era schools hiring, go for the more veteran(a) experienced teachers.Internships have been eliminated across the board for new teachers because the Jobs Just are not readily available eliminating many of the opportunities for young teachers. Kerry, a 4th regulate teacher for xx Elementar y in xx, has felt the pinch of educational budget cuts along with thousands of other teachers. XX teaches a very owe-income community with children that let out more Spanish than English and she struggles some days to provide the best educational experience she can. The school just cant afford what we need and its sad.I have children that come to school almost every day athirst(p) because they dont have proper meals at home. They come to school with no supplies because their parents cant afford them. As a teacher, how can I sit by and watch my students go with out the fundamental things that they need to get an education? XX stated that she spends over $500 every year on school supplies that she does not get reimbursed for, l have to do it. If I dont, no one will and these children dont deserve to suffer because of our budget cuts.How can they learn if they have no motif to write on or a pencil to write with? When asked about the financial crisis the schools are experiencing, s he replied, Its sad and disturbing at the same time. How can I teach properly without the books and tools mandatory to teach? I know this sounds selfish, but doesnt they saying go, you need to help yourself before you can help others? If we Americans keep giving everything away, theres not going to be anything left for us to help ourselves. We could have so much more for our own kids Americas future are its children, those children are not educated properly, whos fault is that going to be? No matter whos fault it is, the problem needs to be corrected sooner rather than later. The United States has reliable a hazardous blows over the past few years with several crippling hurricanes, oil spills and a continued economic and financial crisis. The United States is dropping further and further into debt with the war in Iraq and an economic crisis that has America considered rich nations among one of the poorest (Belittler).If the United States cut back some of the foreign aid given to th e same countries regularly, then those countries receiving the public assistance will have no choice but to learn how to support themselves. By continuing to give aid and support them without teaching them how to figure out how to do it for themselves, the problem only gets worse. It Just seems that the United States is giving a lot of more hand outs while its own citizens are suffering. When that happens, that is when its time to close the purse strings to take care of Americans with American tax dollars.Argumentative PaperThe United States has spent too much money on other countries financial disasters despite Americas own economic crisis. L. American foreign aid. A. Why foreign aid was implemented and how it was meant to be used. B. America and its status. C. Budget cuts. II. American foreign aid to Haiti. A. Waits reliance on financial aid. B. statistical data on the amounts of aid Haiti has received. II. America and its debt. A. 1991 debt verses 2011 debt. B. The war on Iraq an d its cost to national debt. C.American dollars into the Iraqi infrastructure. 1) Military and police force trained at the hands of American taxpayer dollars. (2) Facilities that have been built by Americans and gone to waste. (3) Global understanding of foreign aid. (4) Iraqs capabilities of taking care of their own financial aid. (5)Statistics in regards to dollars spent on what projects to Iraq become a better nation. IV. Americas public school system. A. Budget cuts to the educational budget. B. Classroom growth. C. Educational cut back programs. (1) City of Phoenix cut backs. 2) Educational Job market flooded with teachers and no positions available. 3) Interview with Kerry. Help V. Americans need to tighten the purse strings and take care of the issues at home. Too Much Foreign Aid in Americas Budget The act of charity is something that most people are raised on if a person has been blessed with wealth, it is always good to help those less fortunate. However, there comes a tim e when too much is too much. The United States, among other countries, developed the practice of foreign aid after World War II.It was designed to help those countries in desperate need of temporary help when they could not manage on their own. Foreign aid is something that has been in effect over the last few decades and some say has been used to excess and argue the point that if our own country is in debt and suffering, how can there be so much money spent on foreign aid. Others say that we are prosperous and should help those that need it no matter what. Whichever side of the argument is brought up, there are certain facts that do not change.The United States has spent too much money taking care of other countries financial disasters despite the trouble within its own borders. The United States of America has long been considered one of the most remediable countries in the world leading the pack of economic growth, democracy, innovation and financial dominance. However, lately i t seems that the United States is in as much financial strain as the other countries it helps regularly. Americans are experiencing the pinch of billions in budget cuts on education programs, eliminating teaching positions and higher taxes to fund a war with Iraq.Even through all of these financial hardships, the United States still manages to give billions of dollars in financial aid despite the economic crisis of their own. A country that receives a large portion of American foreign aid is Haiti. Haiti is one of the poorest countries in the world and is one of the countries that recently, receives the most financial aid world wide. In mid-January of this year, Haiti experienced a devastating earthquake that destroyed most of the county. Hundreds of thousands of people were left without homes, clean drinking water or electricity, with debris and rubble making it unsafe territory.Bret Stephens, a Journalist for the DOD Jones & Company, uncovered news from the World Bank and exactly how much additional aid was going to be allotted to Haiti for relief efforts. Stephens article states The World Banknow about to throw another $100 million on Haition what it achieved in the country between 1986 and 2002 The outcome of World Bank assistance programs is rated unsatisfactory (if not highly so), the institutional development impact, negligible, and the sustainability of the few benefits that have accrued, unlikely.Stephens goes on to quote that the Bank noted, Haiti has dysfunctional budgetary, financial or procurement systems, making financial and aid management impossible. The Bank makes the claim that the Haitian government does not take ownership and initiative for formulating and implementing assistance programs. A breakdown of foreign aid by country, provided by Guardian, a United Kingdom based awareness blob, shows a grand total of 3. 5 billion dollars already donated and another 1. 1 billion dollars pledged to help with this disaster (Guardian).America, leading as the highest donor, among other countries such as United Kingdom, Japan and Canada. Many countries making absolutely no contribution whatsoever during this time. Americans are going broke and continue to keep giving. In fact, the United States has only been debt free for two years, 1834 and 1835, according to Marie Clammiest. Clammiest states in another article that, The federal governments $14 trillion debt as an emergency that demands big cuts in domestic programs The majority of this debt is said to have come from the war in Iraq, heavily financed by borrowing from China to fund the war. Lira Logan reported, The problem for America is that its greatness has always been rooted in its economic dominance and that debt has forced the U. S. To keep borrowing from foreign countries. According to statistical ATA provided by the Bureau of the Public Debt , in 1991, the national debt for the United States was under $3 Trillion, even though a large amount, it was still within the real m of being paid off.However now in 2011, the debt recently went over the $14 trillion mark, a number that is in no way obtainable (Madame). Logan also quoted Aaron David Miller of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, saying, Can the worlds greatest power remain the worlds greatest power and also be the worlds greatest borrower? I dont think so. Over the past four years fighting the war n Iraq, the United States has spent $500 billion dollars on Just the war alone (Skeletal).In addition to the funding of occupying this country, the United States has spent over $50 billion in reconstruction costs, that unfortunately, most say will be wasted dollars due to Iraqs incompetence and capabilities to utilize the reconstructions. As a country, the United States has invested hundreds of billions of dollars on equipment, buildings, infrastructure, electricity and water facilities in third world countries. In an article recently published by USA Today written by Matt Kelley, mi nts out that, The United States has spent $44. Billion in taxpayer funds on rebuilding Iraq, about half of it to train, equip and support Iraqs military and police forces. Kelley also quotes Rusty Barber, the head of the Iraq program United States Institute of Peace, There has been some significant progress, but theres a long way to go before Iraq can really be a stable, secure country thats able to provide for its peoples basic needs. Iraq is a country that has undergone massive abuse over the past 10 plus years, with no end in sight, and has been rebuilt about ten times over.The amount of money that America has spent in rebuilding Iraq, by all means a country that has minimal interest in being rebuilt, is atrocious. American tax payer dollars are being spent to fund many projects in Iraq, such as schools, hospitals and prisons, instead of spending those same dollars on the same problems at home. According to Timothy Williams, many of these facilities have remained empty after co mpletion because there were not enough Iraqis trained to operate them. Williams goes on to state that 4 million maternity hospital built by the Americans is open, but the staff members cannot operate much of its equipment.. Sinai Hospital in Baghdad, which had been the American militarys largest medical center in the country, has been closed because the Health Ministry lacks the staff and equipment to reopen it, though the American military said it left $7. 9 million in equipment behind He also states that there was a $165 million childrens hospital that was delayed by more than four years and $115 million over budget (Williams). When a country is in desperate need of help, it is up to others to step up and give aid.When that aid is given, it is under the understanding that the money is going to e used to go towards the rebuild of the crisis. However, what happens when the country receiving large portions of aid do not need that aid? For example, according to James Gland and Campb ell Robertsons article in August of 2008, by the end of 2009, the Iraqi government ended up with a surplus of almost $80 million dollars. The article stated that, The United States has spent $23. 2 billion in the critical areas of security, oil, electricity and water since the 2003 invasion, but from 2005 through April of 2008, Iraq has spend Just $3. Billion on similar services. Another report room the Government Accountability Office estimates Iraqi oil revenue from 2005 through the end of this year 2008 will amount to at least $156 billion dollars. So what this is stating is that the Iraqi government is not only holding their oil money in a United States bank collecting somewhere in the range of $400,000 in interest, but for some reason they are collecting foreign aid when they are capable of funding and fixing their own problems.Carl Levin, a chairman of the Senate Armed Services was quoted saying, The Iraqi government now has tens of billions of dollars at its espousal to fun d large-scale reconstruction projects. It is inexcusable for U. S. Taxpayers to continue to foot the bill for projects the Iraqis are fully capable of funding themselves We should not be paying for Iraqi projects, while Iraqi oil revenues continue to pile up in the bank. Very well said and a statement many American citizens support full hardheartedly.However, we are still sending foreign aid to Iraq, building Iraqi schools, hospitals, prisons, and fortifying their countrys security but it does not look like the money is going to stop going into Iraq. If the United States spends 165 million dollars on one hospital, one can only imagine the cost of rebuilding schools during war time as well as imagine how many of those schools were destroyed intentionally and unintentionally during or after their construction because of said war. Americas public school system drastically needs help and no one is coming up with any solutions but budget cuts.The American public school system is already the victim of systematic budget cuts are now getting ready for another huge blow to their financial status one some say that is going to cripple our youths outlooks on a better education. Education Weekly reported that the spending bill that President Barack Obama signed into law March 2 severed current fiscal-year funding for several literacy programs at the Education section as a part of a government- wide reduction of $4 billion (Rose). For an example, Arizona has taken hard drastic cuts recently.Classroom sizes have grown from 24 children per teacher to roughly 30 plus children per classroom. After school and during school education enhancement studies to help children who fall below the average or have special learning needs eave all but been eliminated. In previous years, children who may not have passed a subject were allowed the opportunity to attend intercession, a program during the school breaks where they attend class for a few hours a day over a two week time frame i ntended to get them back on track.Unfortunately, as of the 2009-2010 school year, Circle Cross Ranch, a local elementary in San Tan Valley Arizona, now requires parents pay $25 per class session if a child fails at any point in time the classes are mandatory. In Phoenix, they are experiencing even more of an unnecessary set back. The city as had a drastic decline in their hiring for the 2010-2011 school year. Roughly 7,400 public-school teaching positions have been eliminated across the state because of budget cuts proposed by the Legislature, according to Arizona Educators Association spokesman John Heartfelt (Quinn).With the amount of children that are still enrolling and moving into the Phoenix area, this only bodes ill for the amount of attention each child will receive. Education is important to the growth of any society and if that keeps getting hit time and time again with no solutions on how to fix that budget crisis, things will only get worse. The amount of educational Job s are decreasing but the amount of applicants only increase. The educational Job market is being flooded with teachers that have experienced the layoffs and cut backs, while schools hiring, go for the more seasoned experienced teachers.Internships have been eliminated across the board for new teachers because the Jobs Just are not readily available eliminating many of the opportunities for young teachers. Kerry, a 4th grade teacher for xx Elementary in xx, has felt the pinch of educational budget cuts along with thousands of other teachers. XX teaches a very owe-income community with children that speak more Spanish than English and she struggles some days to provide the best educational experience she can. The school just cant afford what we need and its sad.I have children that come to school almost every day hungry because they dont have proper meals at home. They come to school with no supplies because their parents cant afford them. As a teacher, how can I sit by and watch my s tudents go with out the fundamental things that they need to get an education? XX stated that she spends over $500 every year on school supplies that she does not get reimbursed for, l have to do it. If I dont, no one will and these children dont deserve to suffer because of our budget cuts.How can they learn if they have no paper to write on or a pencil to write with? When asked about the financial crisis the schools are experiencing, she replied, Its sad and disturbing at the same time. How can I teach properly without the books and tools required to teach? I know this sounds selfish, but doesnt they saying go, you need to help yourself before you can help others? If we Americans keep giving everything away, theres not going to be anything left for us to help ourselves. We could have so much more for our own kids Americas future are its children, those children are not educated properly, whos fault is that going to be? No matter whos fault it is, the problem needs to be correcte d sooner rather than later. The United States has received a hazardous blows over the past few years with several crippling hurricanes, oil spills and a continued economic and financial crisis. The United States is falling further and further into debt with the war in Iraq and an economic crisis that has America considered rich nations among one of the poorest (Belittler).If the United States cut back some of the foreign aid given to the same countries regularly, then those countries receiving the public assistance will have no choice but to learn how to support themselves. By continuing to give aid and support them without teaching them how to figure out how to do it for themselves, the problem only gets worse. It Just seems that the United States is giving a lot of more hand outs while its own citizens are suffering. When that happens, that is when its time to close the purse strings to take care of Americans with American tax dollars.Argumentative PaperThe United States has spent too much money on other countries financial disasters despite Americas own economic crisis. L. American foreign aid. A. Why foreign aid was implemented and how it was meant to be used. B. America and its status. C. Budget cuts. II. American foreign aid to Haiti. A. Waits reliance on financial aid. B. Statistical data on the amounts of aid Haiti has received. II. America and its debt. A. 1991 debt verses 2011 debt. B. The war on Iraq and its cost to national debt. C.American dollars into the Iraqi infrastructure. 1) Military and police force trained at the hands of American taxpayer dollars. (2) Facilities that have been built by Americans and gone to waste. (3) Global understanding of foreign aid. (4) Iraqs capabilities of taking care of their own financial aid. (5)Statistics in regards to dollars spent on what projects to Iraq become a better nation. IV. Americas public school system. A. Budget cuts to the educational budget. B. Classroom growth. C. Educational cut back programs. (1) City of Phoenix cut backs. 2) Educational Job market flooded with teachers and no positions available. 3) Interview with Kerry. Help V. Americans need to tighten the purse strings and take care of the issues at home. Too Much Foreign Aid in Americas Budget The act of charity is something that most people are raised on if a person has been blessed with wealth, it is always good to help those less fortunate. However, there comes a time when too much is too much. The United States, among other countries, developed the practice of foreign aid after World War II.It was designed to help those countries in desperate need of temporary help when they could not manage on their own. Foreign aid is something that has been in effect over the last few decades and some say has been used to excess and argue the point that if our own country is in debt and suffering, how can there be so much money spent on foreign aid. Others say that we are prosperous and should help those that need it no matte r what. Whichever side of the argument is brought up, there are certain facts that do not change.The United States has spent too much money taking care of other countries financial disasters despite the trouble within its own borders. The United States of America has long been considered one of the most remediable countries in the world leading the pack of economic growth, democracy, innovation and financial dominance. However, lately it seems that the United States is in as much financial strain as the other countries it helps regularly. Americans are experiencing the pinch of billions in budget cuts on education programs, eliminating teaching positions and higher taxes to fund a war with Iraq.Even through all of these financial hardships, the United States still manages to give billions of dollars in financial aid despite the economic crisis of their own. A country that receives a large portion of American foreign aid is Haiti. Haiti is one of the poorest countries in the world an d is one of the countries that recently, receives the most financial aid world wide. In mid-January of this year, Haiti experienced a devastating earthquake that destroyed most of the county. Hundreds of thousands of people were left without homes, clean drinking water or electricity, with debris and rubble making it unsafe territory.Bret Stephens, a Journalist for the DOD Jones & Company, uncovered news from the World Bank and exactly how much additional aid was going to be allotted to Haiti for relief efforts. Stephens article states The World Banknow about to throw another $100 million on Haition what it achieved in the country between 1986 and 2002 The outcome of World Bank assistance programs is rated unsatisfactory (if not highly so), the institutional development impact, negligible, and the sustainability of the few benefits that have accrued, unlikely.Stephens goes on to quote that the Bank noted, Haiti has dysfunctional budgetary, financial or procurement systems, making fi nancial and aid management impossible. The Bank makes the claim that the Haitian government does not take ownership and initiative for formulating and implementing assistance programs. A breakdown of foreign aid by country, provided by Guardian, a United Kingdom based awareness blob, shows a grand total of 3. 5 billion dollars already donated and another 1. 1 billion dollars pledged to help with this disaster (Guardian).America, leading as the highest donor, among other countries such as United Kingdom, Japan and Canada. Many countries making absolutely no contribution whatsoever during this time. Americans are going broke and continue to keep giving. In fact, the United States has only been debt free for two years, 1834 and 1835, according to Marie Clammiest. Clammiest states in another article that, The federal governments $14 trillion debt as an emergency that demands big cuts in domestic programs The majority of this debt is said to have come from the war in Iraq, heavily finan ced by borrowing from China to fund the war. Lira Logan reported, The problem for America is that its greatness has always been rooted in its economic dominance and that debt has forced the U. S. To keep borrowing from foreign countries. According to statistical ATA provided by the Bureau of the Public Debt , in 1991, the national debt for the United States was under $3 Trillion, even though a large amount, it was still within the realm of being paid off.However now in 2011, the debt recently went over the $14 trillion mark, a number that is in no way obtainable (Madame). Logan also quoted Aaron David Miller of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, saying, Can the worlds greatest power remain the worlds greatest power and also be the worlds greatest borrower? I dont think so. Over the past four years fighting the war n Iraq, the United States has spent $500 billion dollars on Just the war alone (Skeletal).In addition to the funding of occupying this country, the Un ited States has spent over $50 billion in reconstruction costs, that unfortunately, most say will be wasted dollars due to Iraqs incompetence and capabilities to utilize the reconstructions. As a country, the United States has invested hundreds of billions of dollars on equipment, buildings, infrastructure, electricity and water facilities in third world countries. In an article recently published by USA Today written by Matt Kelley, mints out that, The United States has spent $44. Billion in taxpayer funds on rebuilding Iraq, about half of it to train, equip and support Iraqs military and police forces. Kelley also quotes Rusty Barber, the head of the Iraq program United States Institute of Peace, There has been some significant progress, but theres a long way to go before Iraq can really be a stable, secure country thats able to provide for its peoples basic needs. Iraq is a country that has undergone massive abuse over the past 10 plus years, with no end in sight, and has been rebuilt about ten times over.The amount of money that America has spent in rebuilding Iraq, by all means a country that has minimal interest in being rebuilt, is atrocious. American tax payer dollars are being spent to fund many projects in Iraq, such as schools, hospitals and prisons, instead of spending those same dollars on the same problems at home. According to Timothy Williams, many of these facilities have remained empty after completion because there were not enough Iraqis trained to operate them. Williams goes on to state that 4 million maternity hospital built by the Americans is open, but the staff members cannot operate much of its equipment.. Sinai Hospital in Baghdad, which had been the American militarys largest medical center in the country, has been closed because the Health Ministry lacks the staff and equipment to reopen it, though the American military said it left $7. 9 million in equipment behind He also states that there was a $165 million childrens hospital that was delayed by more than four years and $115 million over budget (Williams). When a country is in desperate need of help, it is up to others to step up and give aid.When that aid is given, it is under the understanding that the money is going to e used to go towards the rebuild of the crisis. However, what happens when the country receiving large portions of aid do not need that aid? For example, according to James Gland and Campbell Robertsons article in August of 2008, by the end of 2009, the Iraqi government ended up with a surplus of almost $80 million dollars. The article stated that, The United States has spent $23. 2 billion in the critical areas of security, oil, electricity and water since the 2003 invasion, but from 2005 through April of 2008, Iraq has spend Just $3. Billion on similar services. Another report room the Government Accountability Office estimates Iraqi oil revenue from 2005 through the end of this year 2008 will amount to at least $156 billion dollars . So what this is stating is that the Iraqi government is not only holding their oil money in a United States bank collecting somewhere in the range of $400,000 in interest, but for some reason they are collecting foreign aid when they are capable of funding and fixing their own problems.Carl Levin, a chairman of the Senate Armed Services was quoted saying, The Iraqi government now has tens of billions of dollars at its espousal to fund large-scale reconstruction projects. It is inexcusable for U. S. Taxpayers to continue to foot the bill for projects the Iraqis are fully capable of funding themselves We should not be paying for Iraqi projects, while Iraqi oil revenues continue to pile up in the bank. Very well said and a statement many American citizens support full hardheartedly.However, we are still sending foreign aid to Iraq, building Iraqi schools, hospitals, prisons, and fortifying their countrys security but it does not look like the money is going to stop going into Iraq. If the United States spends 165 million dollars on one hospital, one can only imagine the cost of rebuilding schools during war time as well as imagine how many of those schools were destroyed intentionally and unintentionally during or after their construction because of said war. Americas public school system drastically needs help and no one is coming up with any solutions but budget cuts.The American public school system is already the victim of systematic budget cuts are now getting ready for another huge blow to their financial status one some say that is going to cripple our youths outlooks on a better education. Education Weekly reported that the spending bill that President Barack Obama signed into law March 2 severed current fiscal-year funding for several literacy programs at the Education Department as a part of a government- wide reduction of $4 billion (Rose). For an example, Arizona has taken hard drastic cuts recently.Classroom sizes have grown from 24 children per teacher to roughly 30 plus children per classroom. After school and during school education enhancement studies to help children who fall below the average or have special learning needs eave all but been eliminated. In previous years, children who may not have passed a subject were allowed the opportunity to attend intercession, a program during the school breaks where they attend class for a few hours a day over a two week time frame intended to get them back on track.Unfortunately, as of the 2009-2010 school year, Circle Cross Ranch, a local elementary in San Tan Valley Arizona, now requires parents pay $25 per class session if a child fails at any point in time the classes are mandatory. In Phoenix, they are experiencing even more of an unnecessary set back. The city as had a drastic decline in their hiring for the 2010-2011 school year. Roughly 7,400 public-school teaching positions have been eliminated across the state because of budget cuts proposed by the Legislature, accor ding to Arizona Educators Association spokesman John Heartfelt (Quinn).With the amount of children that are still enrolling and moving into the Phoenix area, this only bodes ill for the amount of attention each child will receive. Education is important to the growth of any society and if that keeps getting hit time and time again with no solutions on how to fix that budget crisis, things will only get worse. The amount of educational Jobs are decreasing but the amount of applicants only increase. The educational Job market is being flooded with teachers that have experienced the layoffs and cut backs, while schools hiring, go for the more seasoned experienced teachers.Internships have been eliminated across the board for new teachers because the Jobs Just are not readily available eliminating many of the opportunities for young teachers. Kerry, a 4th grade teacher for xx Elementary in xx, has felt the pinch of educational budget cuts along with thousands of other teachers. XX teach es a very owe-income community with children that speak more Spanish than English and she struggles some days to provide the best educational experience she can. The school just cant afford what we need and its sad.I have children that come to school almost every day hungry because they dont have proper meals at home. They come to school with no supplies because their parents cant afford them. As a teacher, how can I sit by and watch my students go with out the fundamental things that they need to get an education? XX stated that she spends over $500 every year on school supplies that she does not get reimbursed for, l have to do it. If I dont, no one will and these children dont deserve to suffer because of our budget cuts.How can they learn if they have no paper to write on or a pencil to write with? When asked about the financial crisis the schools are experiencing, she replied, Its sad and disturbing at the same time. How can I teach properly without the books and tools requir ed to teach? I know this sounds selfish, but doesnt they saying go, you need to help yourself before you can help others? If we Americans keep giving everything away, theres not going to be anything left for us to help ourselves. We could have so much more for our own kids Americas future are its children, those children are not educated properly, whos fault is that going to be? No matter whos fault it is, the problem needs to be corrected sooner rather than later. The United States has received a hazardous blows over the past few years with several crippling hurricanes, oil spills and a continued economic and financial crisis. The United States is falling further and further into debt with the war in Iraq and an economic crisis that has America considered rich nations among one of the poorest (Belittler).If the United States cut back some of the foreign aid given to the same countries regularly, then those countries receiving the public assistance will have no choice but to learn h ow to support themselves. By continuing to give aid and support them without teaching them how to figure out how to do it for themselves, the problem only gets worse. It Just seems that the United States is giving a lot of more hand outs while its own citizens are suffering. When that happens, that is when its time to close the purse strings to take care of Americans with American tax dollars.